我国酸沉降控制策略

根据我国酸沉降污染的状况,借鉴国外酸沉降的经验,提出了我国酸沉降控制的指标、主要控制对象和综合控制对策。      

论地质灾害群测群防体系

地质灾害群测群防体系是指县、乡、村地方政府组织城镇或农村社区居民为防治地质灾害而自觉建立与实施的工作体制和减灾行动,是一种针对灾害风险进行自我管理的工作体系。实施地质灾害群测群防的根本目的是抓住减灾时机,实现实时高效,具体体现为“六个自我”,即“自我识别、自我监测、自我预报、自我防范、自我应急和自我救治”。本文在理论上界定了地质灾害群测群防体系的定位,可帮助从事具体工作的基层人员更清楚地认识该项工作的实质意义,了解其在国家地质灾害减轻战略中的地位。     

Aligning the logics of inquiry and action to address the biodiversity crisis

Despite an abundance of research reaffirming biodiversity's importance to the health of the planet and society, species continue to go extinct at an alarming rate. Why has continued research on the value of biodiversity not had the intended effect and what can be done about it? We considered biodiversity loss as a public value failure and the result of a misalignment between the logic of inquiry (which guides scientists) and the logic of action (which guides practitioners). We drew lessons from our own research to propose the creation of a national biodiversity strategy designed to link the logic of inquiry with the logic of action and coordinate the production of actionable conservation science and informed conservation action.     

基于韧性曲线的城市地铁网络恢复策略研究

为了提高城市地铁网络的韧性,基于复杂网络理论和韧性城市理论,研究地铁网络在不同失效场景下的最优恢复策略.用Space L方法和Gephi软件构建地铁网络,以网络平均效率为韧性指标,以网络恢复力最大为目标函数构建城市地铁网络恢复模型,用遗传算法进行求解.最后以西安地铁网络为例,用Matlab模拟了其在小规模和大规模站点失...     

我国北方地区城市水资源策略优化研究

在分析各种水资源危机对策的基础上,提出利用阈值分析作为城市水资源策略的优化方法,以确定最佳的水资源策略方案.并以北京市为例,采用该方法对水资源策略进行了初步的优化分析.分析结果表明,北京水资源策略中水源保护的阈值明显优于其他策略的阈值,跨流域调水和海水淡化策略的阈值较高.从长期技术发展看,海水淡化是最有潜力的水资源策略.     

全球气候变化背景下吉林省生长季水热变化及其种植策略研究

论文旨在揭示全球气候变化背景下,吉林省平原地区和林区的低、 中、 高海拔地区生长季水热变化规律,并据此提出各地区作物种植调整途径。研究结果表明:平原地区生长季积温增加和生长季长度延长及初日提前、 终日延后的变化最大,种植策略的调整空间最大;林区中、 高海拔地区的生长季长度和积温变化大于低海拔地区,三个海拔地区生长季长度的变化主要是生长季终日延后贡献的。以玉米种植为例,平原地区可提前播种时间,延后收获时间,改种晚熟品种代替中晚熟品种;为躲避严重的春旱,其西部地区可延后播种时间,仍然种植中晚熟品种。林区低海拔地区玉米种植以中晚熟品种代替中熟品种,林区中海拔地区用中早熟、 中熟品种代替早熟、 中早熟品种,林区高海拔地区可用中早熟品种代替极早、 早熟品种,三个地区主要通过延后收获时间,达到作物成熟所需热量。     

铸铁烘缸检验策略的制定

文章首先介绍了一起铸铁烘缸爆炸事故的分析结果,对铸铁烘缸的损伤模式进行了识别,依据损伤模式制定了铸铁烘缸定期检验的策略,以宏观检验、壁厚测定、水压试验为主。实践证明该检验策略实现了检验有效性和经济性的统一。     

基于抛锚式教学策略的安全管理双语教学实践研究

在双语教学目标设定的基础上,通过引入抛锚式教学策略以问题为导向的思想进行双语教学体系设计,分解若干教学单元,通过回答“三W”来实现教学目标。以安全管理双语教学为例,运用抛锚式教学策略,具体实施包括教学准备、创设情境、教学过程分析、教学效果评估等主要环节,建立了有效地双语教学系统模型。通过教学实践证明,该教学策略较好的解决了双语教学目标中满足专业知识增强和语言能力提高的双重要求     

林地的水分动态及其对树木生长的影响——以香桂（Cinnamomum subavenium）人工林为例

土地利用变化引起的水分条件变化反过来又会影响植被的生长,然而,森林-水分-植物生长之间相互作用关系的研究还很少。以香桂（Cinnamomum subavenium）人工林为例,在盐亭生态试验站开展观测,研究了无枯落物林地（FB）、有枯落物林地（FL）和裸地（BL）的水分动态（土壤水分、径流组成和径流量）,比较了FB和FL样地树木高、基径、叶面积、比叶面积（SLA）、地上和地下生物量。研究结果表明：①FL样地的土壤含水量最高,其次是FB样地,而BL样地的土壤含水量最低;②地上径流展现了与土壤水分相反的趋势（FLFB〉BL）,3个样地的总径流量则没有表现出一个明确的大小关系。在观测期间,BL、FB和FL的地表径流量分别为284.68、222.93和68.98cm,地下径流分别为57.83、134.00和289.52 cm,总径流量依次为343.16、356.93和358.35 cm;③在观测早期,FL样地和FB样地植物形态学特征、SLA以及地上和地下生物量均没有显著差异（p〉0.05）。在观测期末,虽然两个样地的基径和SLA无显著差异,然而其他指标差异极显著（p〈0.005）。在观测末期,除SLA外,FL样地植物的高、基径、叶面积、地上生物量和地下生物量分别高于FB样地,表明该样地植物生长条件更好。这些结果表明森林改善了自身的水分环境,而水分环境的改善又反过来促进了森林的生长,森林植被-水分条件的这种相互促进作用是森林系统生存策略的一种表现。     

Screening the emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China by multi-effects evaluation

We develop a multi-effect evaluation method to assess integrated impact of VOCs. Enable policy-makers to identify important emission sources, regions, and key species. Solvent usage and industrial process are the most important anthropogenic sources. Styrene, toluene, ethylene, benzene, and m/p-xylene are key species to be cut. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important roles in the atmosphere via three main pathways: photochemical ozone formation, secondary organic aerosol production, and direct toxicity to humans. Few studies have integrated these effects to prioritize control measures for VOCs sources. In this study, we developed a multi-effects evaluation methodology based on updated emission inventories and source profiles, by combining the ozone formation potential (OFP), secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP), and VOC toxicity data. We derived species-specific emission inventories for 152 sources. The OFPs, SOAPs, and toxicity of each source were estimated, the contribution and sharing of source to each of these adverse effects were calculated. Weightings were given to the three adverse effects by expert scoring, and then the integrated effect was determined. Taking 2012 as the base year, solvent use and industrial process were found to be the most important anthropogenic sources, accounting for 24.2% and 23.1% of the integrated effect, respectively, followed by biomass burning, transportation, and fossil fuel combustion, each had a similar contribution ranging from 16.7% to 18.6%. The top five industrial sources, including plastic products, rubber products, chemical fiber products, the chemical industry, and oil refining, accounted for nearly 70.0% of industrial emissions. Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong were the five provinces contributing the largest integrated effects. For the VOC species from emissions showed the largest contributions were styrene, toluene, ethylene, benzene, and m/p-xylene.