Effect of individual parameter changes on the outcome of the estimated short-term dietary exposure to pesticides

ABSTRACT

In 2015 a scientific workshop was held in Geneva, where updating the International Estimate of Short-Term Intake (IESTI) equations was suggested. This paper studies the effects of the proposed changes in residue inputs, large portions, variability factors and unit weights on the overall short-term dietary exposure estimate. Depending on the IESTI case equation, a median increase in estimated overall exposure by a factor of 1.0-6.8 was observed when the current IESTI equations are replaced by the proposed IESTI equations. The highest increase in the estimated exposure arises from the replacement of the median residue (STMR) by the maximum residue limit (MRL) for bulked and blended commodities (case 3 equations). The change in large portion parameter does not have a significant impact on the estimated exposure. The use of large portions derived from the general population covering all age groups and bodyweights should be avoided when large portions are not expressed on an individual bodyweight basis. Replacement of the highest residue (HR) by the MRL and removal of the unit weight each increase the estimated exposure for small-, medium- and large-sized commodities (case 1, case 2a or case 2b equations). However, within the EU framework lowering of the variability factor from 7 or 5 to 3 counterbalances the effect of changes in other parameters, resulting in an estimated overall exposure change for the EU situation of a factor of 0.87-1.7 and 0.6-1.4 for IESTI case 2a and case 2b equations, respectively.     

环境信息化建设战略管理体系框架研究

针对环境信息化建设的需要,从环境信息化目标体系、政策体系、组织体系、标准规范体系、信息基础设施体系、信息获取体系、信息资源体系、信息系统体系和评估监督体系等几个方面,提出环境信息化建设管理体系框架,用于指导环境信息化建设.     

二噁英类减排的国际动向和我国的战略构想

二噁英类减排是履行<关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约>的重点和难点.本文在分析日本、美国、欧盟等发达国家在二噁英类减排控制方面成功经验的基础上,结合国际上的最新动向和我国二噁英类问题的实际特点,提出了解决我国二噁英类问题的初步战略构想.     

Environmental performance indicators: an empirical study of Canadian manufacturing firms

The aim of this exploratory study is to examine the importance of measurement and use of environmental performance indicators (EPIs) within manufacturing firms. Two research questions are investigated: (i) To what extent are firm characteristics associated with the importance of measurement of various categories of EPIs? (ii) To what extent are firm characteristics associated with global and specific uses of EPIs? More specifically, this paper examines four uses of EPIs (i.e. to monitor compliance, to motivate continuous improvement, to support decision making, and to provide data for external reporting) as well as four characteristics of firms, namely environmental strategy, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001 compliance, size, and ownership. This study contributes to the environmental management accounting literature by collecting and analyzing empirical evidence that provides a better understanding of the associations among firm characteristics and EPIs.     

无锡市国内旅游市场特征分析及发展战略

旅游客源市场分析是区域(城市)旅游发展规划的重点。从国内旅游发展的人口学特征、行为特征及客流地理结构等角度对无锡国内旅游发展做了分析,并对其未来的发展战略做了探讨。     

面向信息安全的具有时间特性RBAC授权策略

授权管理是访问控制中一个非常重要的部分。以往对于RBAC访问控制模型的约束的讨论多是基于非时间特性的。具有时间特性的RBAC授权策略的研究对传统的RBAC模型进行了透彻的分析,引入时态条件约束。从访问控制策略的数学建模出发,提出了对用户、资源、策略等的数学定义,设计出了基于时态角色的跨域授权策略规则,并用形式化的数学定义来描述。     

贵州高原三板溪水库浮游植物功能群时空分布特征

为探究贵州高原三板溪水库的浮游植物功能群时空分布特征,于2012—2013年枯水期(11月)、平水期(4月)、丰水期(7月)对三板溪水库浮游植物与水样进行分层采样分析.研究结果表明,水库浮游植物可分为21个功能群,其优势功能群具有明显的水期分布特征:枯水期P+X1+D+J→平水期P+B+C+G→丰水期M+H1+S1+J,垂直分布中平水期和丰水期优势功能群在10 m左右发生变化,枯水期在70 m处变化;各时期水体热分层及营养物质分布差异是产生该特征的主要原因;浮游植物功能群时空分布特征受环境变化影响,水温、p H和N/P变化是浮游植物功能群结构变化的最主要因素;浮游植物功能群生长策略变化规律为:枯水期CR/C/S策略藻种→平水期R/CR/CS策略藻种→丰水期S/CS/CR/R策略藻种;通过浮游植物功能群与生境之间的相互关系可以得出:三板溪水库水体处于富营养状态.     

我国可持续发展的矿产资源基础

我国是世界上矿产生产和消费大国。由于工业化起步晚、人口基数大，我国矿产资源相对不足。欲在此资源基础上实施国家可持续发展战略，除了继续增加资金和技术投入以扩大资源总量及完善法制和管理以加强节约外，加大矿产资源供应系统的开放性，增加关键短缺矿种，特别是油气资源的进口十分重要。世界工业化发展历史和我国多年经济发展的实践证明，高速的经济发展有赖于更为开放的矿产资源供应，而生活水平的提高和日益恶化的生态环境则迫使能源消费结构不断革新。从这一点出发，未来矿产资源供应建立在国内和国际市场“两个轮子”之上必将成为我国矿产可持续发展战略的重要组成部分。     

我国新冠肺炎疫情期间医疗废物收集管理现状分析及对策研究

对全国抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情期间的医疗废物收集与管理现状进行分析,总结其存在的问题主要包括收集设施缺乏环境生物安全控制标准、基层人员对医疗废物管理不规范、医疗废物应急管理体系不完善等问题.为补齐防范重大公共事件中环境生物风险控制的短板,在现有收集技术、管理趋势的基础上进行分析,提出以下建议:①鼓励研究多种可广泛应用于一般生活垃圾、一般医疗垃圾以及高传染医疗废物,并对人类和生态环境无害的分类收集设施,可将生物安全控制技术融合至废物分类设施.②医疗废物合理规范管理是城市、乡村环境管理中的重点,但对于民用防疫废物的收集和处置方面仍有漏洞,应尽快制订新型冠状病毒类传染病重大公共事件的民用医疗废物管理应急标准.③为了对医废管理流程进行实时监管,可参考“工业互联网”“智慧环保”和“互联网+”,与“5G”技术结合构建“数据闭环-及时监管”数据库来提升收集与管理效率.