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801.
802.
803.
Gemini1231双季铵盐选择性抑制赤潮生物生长的实验 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以甲藻门的东海原甲藻、塔玛亚历山大藻、裸甲藻,黄藻门的赤潮异弯藻,硅藻门的中肋骨条藻等典型赤潮生物以及绿藻门的青岛大扁藻和亚心形扁藻2种非赤潮生物为研究对象,探讨了Gemini1231双季铵盐类表面活性剂的抑藻活性.结果表明,该表面活性剂在较低浓度下(0.2~0.5 mg·L-1时),对东海原甲藻、塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异湾藻等赤潮生物的生长表现出了明显的抑制作用.当该双季铵盐的浓度增至0.5 mg·L-1以上时,对中肋骨条藻的生长也表现出了一定的抑制作用.而在相同浓度范围内,对裸甲藻和所选用的2种非赤潮生物生长的影响不明显,表现出了抑藻作用的选择性.对各海洋微藻的脂肪酸组成分析表明,该表面活性剂的选择性抑藻作用与不同海洋微藻生物膜的脂肪酸组成,尤其是其多不饱和脂肪酸的含量明显相关. 相似文献
804.
C/N比对嗜酸细菌X-29产氢能力及其酶活性的影响 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15
C/N比影响细菌的物质和能量代谢,为了提高产氢细菌的产氢效能,通过间歇产氢实验和酶活性分析方法,分析了在不同C/N比下嗜酸产氢细菌X-29的产氢能力以及氢化酶和乙醇脱氢酶的活性表达情况.研究结果表明,C/N比对产氢细菌的代谢及其相关酶的表达有显著的影响.虽然在不同C/N比下单位生物量的液相末端发酵产物差异不大,但是产氢能力存在显著的差异,当C/N比为14时产氢细菌X-29具有最大累积产氢量2 210.9mL/g.在不同C/N比下氢化酶的表达活性不同,氢化酶活性随着发酵的进行达到高峰后迅速降低,氢化酶的表达周期较短.乙醇脱氢酶活性随着代谢进程逐渐升高后而趋于平稳,不同C/N比时表达活性差异较小,表达周期较长.在C/N比为14时,氢化酶和乙醇脱氢酶的活性最高,分别为2.8μmol·(min·mg)-1和33.2μmol·(min·mg)-1. 相似文献
805.
河套灌区春小麦-萝卜复种模式下土壤NO3--N动态 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
研究了河套灌区春小麦-萝卜复种模式下,土壤、土壤溶液和地下水NO3--N浓度的动态变化.结果表明:随着试验时间的延长,土壤表层NO3--N含量降低,深层(100~150cm)增加;土壤溶液中、下层NO3--N浓度(70、120cm)显著高于上层(30cm),尤其是在萝卜生长季.当前的灌溉条件下,不同年度、不同生长季土壤NO3--N淋失量的多少与土壤水分的下渗量密切相关,且输入的氮素中有30%以上以NO3--N的形式淋失掉.施肥区地下水NO3--N浓度显著高于未施肥区,且65.5%的水样超过WHO规定的上限(11.3mg/L).总之,经过连续2a的春小麦与萝卜复种可使表层土壤NO3--N含量明显降低,但由于中、下层土壤剖面中残留大量的NO3--N,因此在当前灌溉措施下,短期内NO3--N淋失是不可避免的. 相似文献
806.
There is growing appreciation that protected areas, like all social-ecological systems (SES), are inherently complex and face an unpredictable future under the influence of global environmental change. Adaptive management is the accepted approach for managing complex SES to ensure their resilience, but unless it is supported by a governance system that is itself adaptive it has little chance of success. Scholars have identified certain principles conducive to adaptive governance. Environmental legislation, an important component of the governance system, is often misaligned with these principles. In this paper we assess adaptive governance principles with regard to legislation governing South Africa’s national parks. This assessment indicates that, to enable adaptive governance and adaptive management, legislation should (1) be co-produced by policy-makers, policy implementers and users of protected area ecosystem services; (2) commit and empower management agencies to apply the principles of adaptive governance and adaptive management, particularly in the collaborative development of management plans; (3) commit agencies to review management plans and allow flexibility to adapt plans; (4) ensure that the temporal and spatial scales of the governance system match those of the SES being managed; (5) anticipate change and avoid assumptions of system stability and predictability; and (6) provide for flexible financing mechanisms, so that funds can be prioritised and timed to meet the unpredictable demands of complex systems. 相似文献
807.
湖北省自然保护区建设十分迅速,目前已发展到50余个,占全省国土面积的5.85%。系统分析了湖北省自然保护区的发展态势,并针对保护工作中存在的问题,提出了今后的发展思路与建议。 相似文献
808.
从抓安全生产的必要性和迫切性入手,着重分析了安全生产的实践中存在的诸多问题,提出了有针对性的解决问题的建议,对安全生产工作有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
809.
E. J. Sattout P. D. S. Caligari S. N. Talhouk 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(1):107-127
The signature and ratification of the convention on biological diversity by the Lebanese government has boosted the declaration
of nature reserves. Cedar forests formed the pilot ecosystems, using international funds, for the implementation of a conservation
programme and development of management plans. Although different in their attributes, all recent nature reserves have the
same basic management objectives and goals but they ignore the idea of taking into account the difference in specific site
features and assets that could boost the success of any management plans. Twelve cedar forests flourish in the Mount Lebanon
chain. These forests are either protected by the forestry law or are declared as nature reserves by the Ministry of Environment.
The results reveal, through Participatory Rural Appraisals and Rapid Rural Appraisals, that religion, geographical location
and land ownership play, to a certain extent, a role in adopting successful management practices of cedar forests. The RRAs
and PRAs spell out the origins of woodcraft, old stories memorized by elderly people and ethnobotanical knowledge. The 4Rs
tools method adopted highlighted the need for more collaboration and synergy of effort between various institutions. The social,
ecological and economic aspects of the regions play a major role in defining the backbone of management plans for cedar forests
in Lebanon. The present paper proposes guidelines for the establishment of a network of cedar nature reserves in Lebanon adopting
collaborative management and assigning a separate role for each reserve; the details rely on the site’s natural features,
as well as socio-economic and cultural characteristics.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue 相似文献
810.
Julia Ohl Alexander Wezel Glenn H. Shepard Jr. Douglas W. Yu 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(6):827-843
In this study, we investigate whether traditional swidden agriculture on nutrient-poor tropical soils can sustainably support
a growing indigenous population within Manu National Park, Peru. Based on interviews with 50 Matsigenka farmers, as well as
GPS mapping and field visits, we established the location and size of all 124 swidden gardens cultivated in 2000 and 2001.
Using a GIS-based soil map of Manu Park, we identify the total extent of potential arable land (1) throughout the park zones
currently available for Matsigenka habitation, and (2) within the vicinity of the two study communities. Taking into account
current per capita garden size, cultivation and fallow practices, we calculate the maximum human carrying capacity of swidden
agriculture for (1) all available park zones and (2) the immediate vicinity of the two current communities. Even given the
second, highly limited scenario, the sustainable human carrying capacity is estimated to be 2,138 individuals, which is far
higher than the current population of about 420 people. Thus, arable land does not appear to be a limiting factor for the
growth of the indigenous population in Manu Park at the current time. Other possible limiting factors for population growth
are identified and discussed. We conclude that a conservation policy of population stabilization around the current settlements
is viable in that it will not result in reduced resource availability over the next few decades, and that the challenge is
to identify and mitigate the forces causing population fissioning and spread.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献