Mapping legal authority for terrestrial conservation corridors along streams

Wildlife corridors aim to promote species’ persistence by connecting habitat patches across fragmented landscapes. Their implementation is limited by patterns of land ownership and complicated by differences in the jurisdictional and regulatory authorities under which lands are managed. Terrestrial corridor conservation requires coordination across jurisdictions and sectors subject to site-specific overlapping sources of legal authority. Mapping spatial patterns of legal authority concurrent with habitat condition can illustrate opportunities to build or leverage capacity for connectivity conservation. Streamside areas provide pragmatic opportunities to leverage existing policy mechanisms for riverine and terrestrial habitat connectivity across boundaries. Conservation planners and practitioners can make use of these opportunities by harmonizing actions for multiple conservation outcomes. We formulated an integrative, data-driven method for mapping multiple sources of legal authority weighted by capacity for coordinating terrestrial habitat conservation along streams. We generated a map of capacity to coordinate streamside corridor protections across a wildlife habitat gap to demonstrate this approach. We combined values representing coordination capacity and naturalness to generate an integrated legal-ecological resistance map for connectivity modeling. We then computed least-cost corridors across the integrated map, masking the terrestrial landscape to focus on streamside areas. Streamside least-cost corridors in the integrated, local-scale model diverged (∼25 km) from national-scale least-cost corridors based on naturalness. Spatial categories comparing legal- and naturalness-based resistance values by stream reach highlighted potential locations for building or leveraging existing capacity through spatial coordination of policy mechanisms or restoration actions. Agencies or nongovernmental organizations intending to restore or maintain habitat connectivity across fragmented landscapes can use this approach to inform spatial prioritization and build coordination capacity. Article impact statement: Combined mapping of legal authority and habitat condition reveals capacity to coordinate actions along streams for clean water and wildlife.     

淋雨及不同温度条件对消防员防护服各部位热阻的影响

为了研究淋雨及不同温度条件对消防员防护服各部位热阻的影响,以消防防护服为研究对象,利用环境舱和暖体假人系统,在20 mm/h降雨强度和20~30 ℃的复合环境条件下,研究淋雨、不同温度复合环境对服装各部位热阻的影响。研究结果表明:淋雨过程中,服装热阻的变化趋势为先上升再下降最后趋于稳定;淋雨与不同温度复合环境会使得消防防护服热阻降低,其中影响较大的部位为上臂部、腹部、胸部、背部及臀部等。     

中草药复合诱食剂对锦鲤的生长影响

选用80尾初始体长4.7cm左右、体色均一健康的锦鲤,随机分为4个组。其中,Ⅰ为对照组,饲喂基础饲料;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ为实验组,分别在基础饲料中添加100mL/kg、150mL/kg、200mL/kg的中草药复方。研究一副中草药复方对锦鲤诱食活性的影响,记录试验数据,并用Excel和SPSS软件进行分析。饲喂15d的结果表明,本实验所用该副中草药复方对锦鲤具有诱食反应。其中,Ⅱ组P=0.0010〈0.05、Ⅲ组P=0.0042〈0.05、Ⅳ组P=0.016〈0.05,说明其诱食效果有显著意义。不同浓度的中草药复方对锦鲤生长效果的影响差异很大,其中Ⅲ对锦鲤有显著的促生长作用。与对照组相比,增重率提高了23.090%,饵料系数降低了0.459。     

不同因素对黄山贡菊叶中过氧化氢酶活性的影响

以黄山贡菊离体叶片中过氧化氢酶为研究对象,采用室内模拟方法,研究不同因素处理对黄山贡菊离体叶片中过氧化氢酶活力的影响。结果表明,在30℃时酶活力较高,高温或低温时酶活力均减小;低浓度的K^＋和Ca^2＋对过氧化氢酶有激活作用,高浓度的K^＋和Ca^2＋对过氧化氢酶有抑制作用;Mg^2＋、Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋对过氧化氢酶均具有抑制作用,生长素和赤霉素对过氧化氢酶活性的影响不明显。     

Determination activity of radionuclides in marine sediment by gamma spectrometer with anti cosmic shielding

In this work, the activities of radionuclides in a marine sediment sample have been determined. The gamma spectrometer comprises an N type coaxial HPGe detector with active shielding to reduce cosmic background. The mass activities of radionuclides have been derived and found to be around a few Bq kg⁻¹ to several hundreds Bq kg⁻¹ with relative uncertainties in this paper quoted corresponding to the combined standard uncertainties (k = 1).     

Multi-group approximation, scattering and calibration coefficients, uncertainty estimates and detection limits of a NaI(Tl)-based gamma spectrometry set-up for low-level activity analysis

This paper describes a quantitative radioactivity analysis method especially suitable for environmental samples with low-level activity. The method, consisting of a multi-group approximation based on total absorption and Compton spectra of gamma rays, is coherently formalized and a computer algorithm thereof designed to analyze low-level activity NaI(Tl) gamma ray spectra of environmental samples. Milk powder from 1988 was used as the example case. Included is a special analysis on the uncertainty estimation. Gamma sensitiveness is defined and numerically evaluated. The results reproduced the calibration data well, attesting to the reliability of the method. The special analysis shows that the uncertainty of the assessed activity is tied to that of the calibration activity data. More than 77% of measured 1461-keV photons of ⁴⁰K were counted in the range of clearly lower energies. Pile-up of single line photons (¹³⁷Cs) looks negligible compared to that of a two-line cascade (¹³⁴Cs). The detection limit varies with radionuclide and spectrum region and is related to the gamma sensitiveness of the detection system. The best detection limit always lies in a spectrum region holding a line of the radionuclide and the highest sensitiveness. The most radioactive milk powder sample showed a activity concentration of 21 ± 1 Bq g⁻¹for ¹³⁷Cs, 323 ± 13 Bq g⁻¹ for ⁴⁰K and no ¹³⁴Cs.     

安徽省无为、和县区域主体功能的分区

主体功能区域划分是有别于过去任何区划的创新性的工作,目前作为全国及各省的一项重要战略任务已经全面展开,但涉及具体县域单元的典型实证研究较为薄弱。随着中部崛起战略的提出和实施,中部安徽沿江地区正掀起开发沿江的高潮,迎来快速发展期。以安徽沿江地区无为、和县为实证区域,以乡镇为基本空间单元,以GIS为技术支撑,运用“生态 经济社会支撑力”互斥性矩阵分区方法,将县域开发的功能区划分为优先开发区域、鼓励开发区域、适度开发区域、引导开发区域和禁止开发区域5种类型。并根据功能分区的分类结论,确定出县域开发轴线、产业空间布局、生态保护轴线与保护框架。最后,在实证研究基础上,对确定县域开发轴线和生态保护轴线的思路以及县域功能分区的方法论基础进行了探讨。     

常温下IC反应器启动过程中的颗粒污泥性能研究

在常温下用自配葡萄糖废水启动IC反应器,研究了厌氧颗粒污泥的形成过程和特性。IC反应器进水浓度为3 000 mg COD/L,水温为14.5～26℃,25 d内形成了颗粒污泥。结果表明,随着运行时间和容积负荷的增加,颗粒污泥粒径逐渐增大。反应器启动完成后,反应器中2 mm的颗粒污泥增加到6.6%,0.3 mm的颗粒从57.7%减少到39.4%;VSS浓度从24.7 g/L上升到48.2 g/L;VSS/SS从34.4%增加到72.8%。颗粒污泥的沉降速度与颗粒粒径成正比,0.3～3 mm的颗粒污泥的沉降速度介于34.05～109.75 m/h之间,具有良好的沉降性能。初始接种污泥几乎没有产甲烷活性,与第30 d的初期颗粒污泥相比,成熟的颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性提高了46.7%。     

Assessment Tools for Urban Catchments: Developing Stressor Gradients1

Abstract: This is the first in a series of three articles designed to establish empirically defined biological indicators and thresholds for impairment for urbanized catchments, and to describe a process by which the biological condition of waterbodies in urbanized catchments can be applied. This article describes alternative gradients of urbanization for assessing and selecting a nationally applicable biological index (article 2 – Purcell et al., this issue ) and defining the potential of biological communities within a gradient of cumulative stressors (article 3 – Paul et al. this issue ). Gradients were designed to represent the most prominent mosaic of stressors found in urban settings. A primary urban gradient was assembled based on readily obtained information of urbanization to include three broad‐scale parameters: percent urban land use/land cover, population density, and road density. This gradient was used as the standard by which alternative urban gradients, which included fine‐scale instream chemical and hydrologic parameters, were assessed. Five alternative gradients were developed to provide numerous environmental management options based on availability of data from water program resources. The urban gradients were developed with the intent that they be applied throughout the country; therefore, data from three different regions of the United States (Mid‐Atlantic, Midwest, and Pacific Coast) were used to validate the urban gradient model. Our study showed that a relatively straightforward stressor gradient consisting of human population density, road density, and urban land use is useful in providing a framework for developing relevant biological indicators and evaluating the potential of biological communities as a basis for assessing attainment of designated aquatic life use.     

硫酸锰渣污染土壤中重金属的形态分布及生物活性

测定了硫酸锰渣污染土壤中Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,Mn的总量和各形态含量.结果表明重金属总量远超过环境背景值和土壤环境二级标准.重金属各形态分布特征:Cu,有机态>残渣态>铁锰氧化态>碳酸盐态>可交换态;Zn,残渣态>铁锰氧化态>有机态>碳酸盐态>可交换态;Cd,铁锰氧化态>可交换态>碳酸盐态>残渣态>有机态;Pb,铁锰氧化态>残渣态>有机态>碳酸盐态>可交换态;Mn,铁锰氧化态>残渣态>可交换态>有机态>碳酸盐态.重金属的生物可利用性系数和迁移系数均为Cd>Mn>Pb>Cu>Zn.