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211.
芳香烃含量对直喷汽油机颗粒物排放影响的试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在一台增压中冷缸内直喷(GDI)汽油机上,开展了不同芳香烃含量的汽油对发动机颗粒物粒径分布和数量浓度影响的研究.结果表明,在正常热机工况下,随着负荷增加,核态颗粒物增加明显,颗粒物排放逐渐由三峰分布演变为双峰分布,并且芳烃含量高时,颗粒物排放明显增多.冷机工况及冷怠速时,芳烃含量对颗粒物的排放影响较小.和冷怠速相比,热怠速时颗粒物向小粒径方向移动,且颗粒物数量减少.热怠速时高芳烃含量的汽油排气中颗粒物相对较多.不同芳烃含量下,发动机参数对颗粒物排放会有一定影响,重芳烃含量高的汽油其颗粒物排放也高. 相似文献
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214.
在求解煤的物性参数时,为探究煤粒平均粒径对参数求解的影响,以5种不同粒级的煤粒为研究对象,系统研究筛分现象和粒度分布;以煤粒瓦斯扩散系数求解为例,分析算术平均值、体积加权平均体积粒径对计算结果的影响.研究结果表明:煤颗粒在筛分过程中会出现特殊分选现象,目标粒级粒度分布仅占真实粒度分布的33.37%~49.32%;算术平... 相似文献
215.
Testis size variation in the greenfinch Carduelis chloris : relevance for some recent models of sexual selection 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Interspecific evidence that testis size responds to selection caused by sperm competition has been obtained from many taxa. However, little is known about the sources of intraspecific variation in testis size, although such variation may have functional significance. Variation in testis size and asymmetry was studied within and between eight geographically separated (and genetically differentiated) populations of greenfinches Carduelis chloris. The relationships between testis size and plumage brightness (degree of yellowness) and the prevalence of haematozoan infections were also investigated in three of these populations, as they related to the predictions of the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis, and Møller's hypothesis relating directional testis asymmetry to phenotypic quality. There were large differences between populations in testis size, with males from northern populations having larger testes than those from southern populations. Within populations, large testes were associated with larger body size and greater age. When the influence of these factors was removed statistically, males with large testes were more likely to be infected with haematozoan parasites, and had brighter yellow plumage. No evidence was found that directional asymmetry in testis size was related to either of these measures of phenotypic quality. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that males with large testes, while signalling higher phenotypic quality as revealed by increased plumage brightness, also pay a cost in terms of reduced immunocompetence, revealed by the increased probability of infection in these males. That these patterns were similar in three different populations adds further strength to these conclusions. Our results suggest that studying the sources of variation in testis size among individuals can reveal interesting processes in sexual selection. 相似文献
216.
The host size model, an adaptive model for maternal manipulation of offspring sex ratio, was examined for the parasitoid
wasp Spalangia endius. In a Florida strain, as the model predicts, daughters emerged from larger hosts than sons, but only when mothers received
both small and large hosts simultaneously. The pattern appeared to result from the mother's ovipositional choice and not from
differential mortality of the sexes during development. If sex ratio manipulation is adaptive in the Florida strain, it appears
to be through a benefit to daughters of developing on large hosts rather than through a benefit to sons of developing on small
hosts. Both female and male parasitoids were larger when they developed on larger hosts. For females, developing on a larger
host (1) increased offspring production, except for the largest hosts, (2) increased longevity, (3) lengthened development,
and (4) had no effect on wing loading. For males, development on a larger host had no effect on any measure of male fitness
– mating success, longevity, development duration, or wing loading. In contrast, a strain from India showed no difference
in the size of hosts from which daughters versus sons emerged, although both female and male parasitoids were larger when
they developed on larger hosts. These results together with previous studies of Spalangia reveal no consistent connection between host-size-dependent sex ratio and host-size-dependent parasitoid size among strains
of S. endius or among species of Spalangia.
Received: 28 October 1998 / Received in revised form: 20 May 1999 / Accepted: 30 May 1999 相似文献
217.
有机物料对石灰性土壤磷素形态转化及吸附特性的影响研究 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
利用石灰性土壤,对猪粪(DR)、夏玉米秸秆(MR)和冬小麦秸秆(WR)单施或者与磷肥混施(在等磷量条件下)对土壤磷的吸附特性及其形态转化进行了为期15周的室内模拟培养研究.结果表明,无论是DR、MR和WR单施,还是有机物料与磷肥混施,都可以减少土壤对磷的吸附量,增加土壤磷的活性,其中有机物料单施处理的用NaHCO3或者NaOH提取的活性无机磷(Pi)和有机磷(Po)提高较大,顺序为:猪粪>夏玉米秸秆>冬小麦秸秆.夏玉米秸秆处理与对照(CK)相比NaHCO3提取的Pi、Po增加的量分别为6 0mg·kg-1,5 6mg·kg-1,NaOH提取的Po增加的量为12 7mg·kg-1,而猪粪处理与CK相比NaHCO3提取的Pi、Po增加的量分别为7 1mg·kg-1,5 4mg·kg-1,NaOH提取的Po增加的量为14 1mg·kg-1.通过Langmuir方程求得磷的最大吸附量(b)、磷吸附结合能常数(k)、磷素最大缓冲量(MPBC)、标准需磷量(SPR)的值,进一步说明了3种有机物料均可使土壤对磷的吸附能力降低,增加土壤中磷的活性. 相似文献
218.
219.
为定量分析不同车型碰撞行人事故严重程度影响因素,以美国北卡罗来纳州2007-2016年人车碰撞事故数据为样本,将其分为小轿车、SUV、货车碰撞行人事故3类,以事故严重程度为因变量,交通参与者属性、道路、环境条件和事故特征为候选自变量,分别建立累计logistic模型进行对比分析,探究人、车、路和环境因素对人车碰撞事故严... 相似文献
220.
开展水生昆虫生长过程研究对掌握研究区域水生生物的生物学特征和研究区域生态环境状况等均具有重要作用,可为构建和完善研究区域河流生态环境保护体系提供科学参考。于2017年逐月对香溪河库湾入库支流(螃蟹溪)中的一种水生昆虫——麦氏花翅蜉(Baetiella macani)的种群进行了研究,基于大小频率法、幼虫期有效积温条件进行了生活史性状分析和验证。结果显示:麦氏花翅蜉为三化性昆虫,包含一个冬季世代和两个夏季世代。冬季世代幼虫的发育历期为3~4个月,所需有效积温为1 286 ℃;夏季世代幼虫的发育历期为1~2个月,所需有效积温为757 ℃。研究结果丰富了中国地区水生昆虫的生活史性状信息,并首次呈现了花翅蜉属的生活史特征。 相似文献