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321.
The selection and establishment of the structure (number and compartments, aggregation criteria, and trophic links) of the food webs is a critical task in trophic modelling. The present work proposes a systematic method to structure trophic networks in pelagic food webs. The biomass-size spectrum (BSS) is a well-established approach to analyze the structure of pelagic communities, and the body size is especially related to the ecological role of the organisms in the pelagic environment. To structure food webs, this work uses detailed arrangements of the community in size classes with increasing widths (like Sheldon-type BSS) as first aggregation criteria, and BSS theory as a framework to integrate the available knowledge about feeding selectivity in order to obtain a method to identify the trophic links between compartments. Diet composition matrices were estimated through the combination of a probability of encounter for each food type and a specific probability of ingestion related to the food size selectivity and other food quality characteristics (e.g., morphology and nutritional quality). The feasibility of this approach has been illustrated through data of size-structured communities extracted from the literature including different planktonic predator guilds (nanoflagellates, cladoceran-dominated zooplankton and copepod-dominated zooplankton) in a high mountain lake (La Caldera, Spain), two subtropical wetland lakes (meso-oligotrophic Laguna Galarza and eutrophic Laguna Iberá, Argentina) and a marine microcosm (Alborán Sea, Mediterranean). The identification of “who eats whom” and “by how much” also allows for more accurate analyses of the trophic control in the BSS. Extensive analyses of the balance between top-down and bottom-up controls were developed for the feeding interactions of the study cases. 相似文献
322.
This paper analyzes dewatered sludge drying using the multifractal theory. The drying rates of cylindrical sludge with equal masses but different cross-sectional diameters was studied, from which multifractal parameters such as partition function and quality exponent were obtained. The parameters acquired were used to calculate the multifractal singularity spectrum and indicate the presence of multifractal characteristics. The smaller cross-sectional diameters of the sludge were found to be non-homogeneous, and required quantitative methods to analyze. 相似文献
323.
Chunzhi LI Wenwen WANG Junying ZHANG Hailing ZHU Weiwei ZHANG Tianmin WANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2009,3(3):289-293
A layer of zinc oxide (ZnO) micro-grid was deposited on the surface of ZnO film using the DC reactive magnetron sputtering method and the micro-sphere lithography technique on glass substrates. Samples of this layer were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction showed the high crystallinity of ZnO film and the regular arrangement of the micro-grid. The microgrid ZnO has a lower specular reflection and a higher diffuse reflection, allowing incident light to reflect two or three times to enhance the usage of light. Photocatalytic degradation experiments on methylene blue using both ZnO micro-grid and ordinary film showed that the ZnO micro-grid has better photo-catalytic properties than ordinary film. The ZnO micro-grid enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO film by 28% with a degradation time of 300 min. 相似文献
324.
为缓解高海拔矿山掘进作业面低氧问题,将供氧管与环形空气幕相结合,空气幕在作业人员四周形成空气屏障,设计1种用于高海拔矿山掘进工作面的新型供氧装置。以中国云南某海拔3 400 m的铜矿为例,运用ANSYS Fluent软件建立掘进工作面空间模型,根据矿山实际情况确定边界条件,对比研究单一供氧管模式和新型供氧装置的富氧效果差异,并分析空气幕出风口形式、风量对富氧效果的影响。研究结果表明:新型供氧装置的富氧效果优于单一供氧管模式;环状缝隙出风口优于圆孔出风口,并且当环状缝隙宽度为0.010 m、风量为0.014 m3/s时,呼吸带平均氧气质量分数为27.59%,达到最佳富氧效果。新型供氧装置能有效提高作业人员周围呼吸带区域的氧气质量分数。 相似文献
325.
Eric P. S. Baumer Francesca Polletta Nicole Pierski Geri K. Gay 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2017,11(3):289-310
This paper explores a technique for mitigating framing effects in perceptions of global climate change. People's opinions on issues ranging from same sex marriage and the environment to free speech and health care have been shown to be influenced by the way in which the issue is presented: the metaphors, images, and catchphrases that communicate implicit normative messages about the issue. The work described here synthesizes insights from experimental research on moderators of framing effects and sociological research on frame reflection. Based on this synthesis, this paper describes a test of a simple highlighting technique for focusing respondents' attention on the framing operating in political materials. Results suggest that this intervention not only can reduce the opinion-shaping impact of frames but may also reduce ideological polarization. Implications include a better understanding of the mechanisms by which frames operate, techniques for making frame reflection possible among political non-elites, and recommendations for strengthening environmental groups' public communication strategies. 相似文献
326.
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328.
采用水体三维荧光光谱(3D-EEMs)结合平行因子分析(PARAFAC)方法,研究了温榆河-北运河水系溶解性有机物(DOM)的荧光组分及其空间分布特征,并对沿岸污水处理厂、支流、干流的水质参数及其DOM组分之间的相互作用进行了分析。结果表明:温榆河-北运河水系干流溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度与各支流接近,总磷浓度从上游到下游逐渐降低,氨氮和总磷污染严重。水体DOM共存在2类(4种)荧光组分,包括类腐殖质组分(类腐殖酸,C1;类富里酸,C2)和类蛋白组分(类色氨酸,C3;微生物代谢产物,C4)。污水处理厂出水汇入各支流后,水体DOM中的类腐殖质组分的比例上升。荧光比例显示,各河流DOM以C3组分为主,占比为24.76%~40.27%。水体荧光指数(1.58~1.72)、自生源指数(0.96~1.17)及腐殖化指数(0.74~0.81)计算结果指明,该水体的DOM组成具有内源和外源的双重特性,整体腐殖化程度低且自生源特性强。DOC与C1、C2和C4组分呈现极显著正相关,表明荧光组分可用于动态跟踪河流有机物;总氮与C1、C2组分呈极显著正相关,说明类腐殖质组分会对氮污染物浓度产生重要影响;总磷与自生源指数呈显著负相关(P<0.05),表现为DOM腐殖化程度越高,总磷浓度越低。 相似文献
329.
将描述光学漫散射现象的朗伯体概念和分析方法应用在兵器目标的雷达散射截面积计算上.通过对朗伯表面的散射强度计算和实例模拟分析.提出了利用散射一吸收型材料构造朗伯表面实现地面兵器目标雷达波隐身的一条新途径。 相似文献
330.