水分对不同变质程度煤粒瓦斯扩散系数的影响

为了研究水分对不同变质程度煤粒瓦斯扩散系数的影响,利用自制设备,对不同煤阶的干燥煤、原煤、湿煤和平衡水煤样进行瓦斯吸附-解吸-扩散实验,分析扩散过程中不同时间段内水分与变质程度两个因素对扩散系数的影响。结果表明:水分的增加,导致瓦斯扩散系数随时间衰减程度变小。寺河矿干燥煤粒和平衡水煤粒在前120min内扩散系数较前5min分别减小了58.75%和53.2%;随着水分的增大,各变质程度煤样的瓦斯扩散系数比值增大。120min内干燥无烟煤扩散系数分别为瘦煤、气肥煤的1.04和2.37倍,平衡水无烟煤扩散系数分别为瘦煤、气肥煤的1.15和2.44倍;随着水分的增加,各煤阶瓦斯扩散系数减小幅度不同,且随着变质程度的减小,扩散系数的减小程度有变大趋势,前5min内随着水分从干燥煤增加到平衡水煤样,扩散系数减小幅度从无烟煤的72.77%增大到了气肥煤的83.49%。     

基于灰关联分析的顺层钻孔瓦斯抽采有效半径主控因素研究

基于顺层抽采钻孔固气耦合模型,采用COMSOL对钻孔直径、煤层物性参数及抽采参数三类因素进行了模拟分析,并运用灰关联分析方法确定了顺层钻孔瓦斯抽采有效半径的主控因素。研究表明:煤层初始瓦斯压力与煤体初始渗透率为有效半径的主控因素,抽采时间次之,钻孔直径与有效抽采负压的变化对有效半径的影响甚微;提高瓦斯抽采有效半径的首要任务是通过技术手段卸压、增透,其次要把握合理的预抽时间。     

防护堤高度对LNG扩散行为影响研究

防护堤是LNG储罐区重要的安全措施之一,防护堤高度对于LNG的扩散行为具有显著影响。采用计算流体动力学(CFD)研究半地下LNG储罐区不同防护堤高度下的LNG液池和LNG蒸气云扩散行为,对比分析储罐区底面积和防护堤高度对LNG蒸气扩散距离和扩散速度影响。结果表明防护堤高度的增加可有效减小LNG蒸气云的0.5倍燃烧下限(LFL)扩散距离。因此,对于同一种半地下LNG储罐区,在液池充分扩展前,可燃气云最大扩散距离与储罐区底面积成正比,防护堤高度的增加可减小LNG可燃气云的扩散距离。研究结果可指导LNG加气站半地下LNG储罐区防护堤的设置。     

Adsorption of benzene, cyclohexane and hexane on ordered mesoporous carbon

Ordered mesoporous carbon(OMC) with high specific surface area and large pore volume was synthesized and tested for use as an adsorbent for volatile organic compound(VOC)disposal. Benzene, cyclohexane and hexane were selected as typical adsorbates due to their different molecular sizes and extensive utilization in industrial processes. In spite of their structural differences, high adsorption amounts were achieved for all three adsorbates, as the pore size of OMC is large enough for the access of these VOCs. In addition, the unusual bimodal-like pore size distribution gives the adsorbates a higher diffusion rate compared with conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon and carbon molecular sieve. Kinetic analysis suggests that the adsorption barriers mainly originated from the difficulty of VOC vapor molecules entering the pore channels of adsorbents. Therefore, its superior adsorption ability toward VOCs, together with a high diffusion rate, makes the ordered mesoporous carbon a promising potential adsorbent for VOC disposal.     

生物覆盖层属性对气体输运过程的影响

为更好地理解生物覆盖介质属性对甲烷减量化过程中气体通量分布的影响,将熟化时间为24个月和2个月的新旧绿色废物分别用于建设1#和2#生物覆盖单元.通过分布在其表面的12个静态箱测量混合气体的组成和通量,结合生物覆盖层含水率和干密度对示踪气体进行回归分析,并利用数值模拟工具模拟示踪气体的输运过程.测量结果表明,两个覆盖单元表面气体通量分布呈现高度变异性,其中,1#单元中气体通量的最大值与最小值的差别达9倍,在2#单元中,这种差异放大到20倍.生物覆盖层中含水率和干密度(孔隙度)也同样呈现出高度变异性,多元回归分析表明,含水率和干密度的分布与气体通量的分布明显线性关系,其中,含水率的分布总体上决定了气体的输运路径.数值模拟结果表明,气体在2#单元中的输运受到扩散过程的影响较大,结构性因子变异程度更高导致了预测的不确定性.     

Potent activity of the lichen antibiotic (+)-usnic acid against clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis>

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant staphylococci, most notably methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), are serious clinical problems. The antibiotic arsenal available against them is limited, and new mutants worsen the situation. We studied the activity of (+)-usnic acid, an old lichen-derived drug, and its sodium salt against clinical isolates of VRE and MRSA using the agar diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. The acid and, especially, the sodium salt had potent antimicrobial activity against all clinical isolates of VRE and MRSA studied. The MIC values of the sodium salt against VRE strains ranged between 4 and 16 μg/ml (1-day test) and between 4 and 31 μg/ml (2-day test), being below 8 μg/ml for most strains. The salt had potent activity even against those strains that were not inhibited by ampicillin (125 μg/ml), and it never lost its activity after 24 h, in contrast to ampicillin. Thus, in spite of the fact that usnic acid can in some cases cause serious toxicity, it and its salts may be worth considering in clinical practice in cases where other therapies have failed or the microbe is resistant toward other agents.     

山西煤矿瓦斯泄漏风险后果预测与影响分析

通过对煤矿瓦斯泄漏主要风险后果的预测和影响分析，对进一步研究瓦斯泄漏风险后果中火灾热辐射、云团爆炸和云团扩散爆炸有更深刻的了解，为煤矿风险评价和制定应急预案提供有力的参考。     

有毒气体扩散模型在事故救援中的应用

针对近年来日益增多的危险化学品泄漏事故,对国内外常见的有毒气体扩散模型进行了简要论述,在分析其各自特点的基础上,从事故救援需求的角度,提出了一种基于高斯模型的有毒气体泄漏扩散算法;基于GIS实现了有毒气体扩散的动态仿真,可较好地预测扩散造成的危害范围.实例分析了一定气象条件、地形特征和时间序列下,危险化学品泄漏后有毒气体浓度的分布情况,为辅助救援人员合理划定警戒区域、及时采取有效措施组织抢险救援行动,提供了一种行之有效的方法.     

稀性泥石流的平均运动速度研究

泥石流的运动速度是泥石流动力学研究中最重要的参数。稀性泥石流是常见也是危害较大的泥石流类型,准确而简洁地计算稀性泥石流的运动速度非常重要。现有的稀性泥石流平均速度经验公式,在使用上和适用地区上还存在一些问题。本文通过分析一系列稀性泥石流观测资料中的体积浓度与稀性泥石流的运动速度和阻力特征的关系,得出了一个新的计算稀性泥石流平均运动速度的经验公式,该公式能适应各种类型的泥石流沟,适用于一般急流的稀性泥石流;对于缓流稀性泥石流,计算值与观测值相比偏大,但很接近;不适用于缓慢稀性泥石流。本文提出的经验公式,使用简洁,计算稳定,与其他方法计算的稀性泥石流平均运动速度很接近。该速度计算经验公式也适用于稀性泥石流堆积扇上游沟道,但对于堆积扇上的速度,计算值偏大,且越往堆积扇的下游,偏差越大。