面源模式数值模拟计算分析

系统地介绍了面源模式计算方法.为了提高面源模式计算的准确性,提出了面源反扩散参数的概念.采用数值模拟计算的方法,对面源模式做了实际计算,并将其计算结果与虚点源后置法做了分析和比较.给出了采用虚点源后置法对面源内部和近源处计算结果的修正方法.并对虚点源后置法横风方向计算结果进行了修正.在计算过程中,令面源(y方向)内部所有计算点的浓度与中心点浓度相同,在面源两边0.45 L范围以外取实际浓度值.     

GIS与大气污染扩散模型的整合研究

大气扩散模型与GIS整合是当前的重要发展趋势。文章分析了该技术存在的主要问题和可行的解决路线,并指出了其主要发展方向。主张采用GIS二次开发工具和大气污染模型进行整合。详细介绍了开发“硫化氢应急专家系统”的工作中,解决二者整合所取得的研究进展和成果。将GIS、大气模型与应急救援工作三者有机的整合,实现了GIS数据和应急数据的紧密结合及对硫化氢扩散的预测。     

Greenhouse gas mitigation in developing countries through technology transfer?: a survey of empirical evidence

While greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are projected to rise primarily in the developing countries, the potential for developing new GHG mitigation technologies exists primarily in the industrialized countries. It is thus important, not only for predictions about future emission paths but also for climate change mitigation policies, to understand how the international diffusion of such technologies takes place and how it affects the energy infrastructure and GHG emissions in developing countries. This paper provides an overview of the channels through which these technologies diffuse and focuses on the empirical evidence pertaining to the effects these technologies have on GHG emissions in developing countries.

Electrochemical disinfection using the gas diffusion electrode system

A study on the electrochemical disinfection with H_2O_2 generated at the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) from active carbon/poly-tetrafluorcethylene was performed in a non-membrane cell. The effects of Pt load and the pore-forming agent content in GDE, and operating conditions were investigated. The experimental results showed that nearly all bacterial cultures inoculated in the secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plant could be inactivated within 30 min at a current density of 10 mA/cm~2. The disinfection improved with increasing Pt load. Addition of the pore-forming agent NH_4HCO_3 improved the disinfection, while a drop in the pH value resulted in a rapid rise of germicidal efficacy and the disinfection time was shortened with increasing oxygen flow rate. Adsorption was proved to be ineffective in destroying bacteria, while germicidal efficacy increased with current density. The acceleration rate was different, it initially increased with current density. Then decreased, and finally reached a maximum at a current density of 6.7 mA/cm~2. The disinfection also improved with decreasing total bacterial count. The germicidal efficacy in the cathode compartment was approximately the same as in the anode compartment, indicating that the contribution of direct oxidation and the indirect treatment of bacterial cultures by hydroxyl radical was similar to the oxidative indirect effect of the generated H_2O_2.     

熏烟模式中熏烟发生距离计算方法探究

熏烟发生距离(Xf)的确定是求解熏烟浓度的难点和关键。传统算法忽视Xf非定常性特征,使熏烟浓度计算值与监测值通常有较大偏离,与环评技术导则的要求不符。采用迭代算法和通过计算机编程计算对熏烟发生距离给出准确模拟,探求了熏烟计算过程中纳入非定常性特征的解决方法。对比计算表明新算法符合指数d为0.68,传统算法符合指数d为0.34。     

脱硫剂分形孔结构特性及其硫化活性的研究

钙基脱硫剂的分形特性反映了孔结构的物理信息和化学反应性能.在分形理论和气体在分形孔通道中的非线性扩散理论的基础上,结合实验,讨论了CaO孔结构的分形特性、SO2气体在分形孔通道中的扩散特性,并分析了SO2浓度分布对CaO的孔堵塞和不可进入孔形成的影响.结果表明:在一定的硫化条件下,脱硫剂分形特性影响着SO2在CaO孔隙中的浓度分布.SO2的浓度梯度越大,硫化过程中孔隙内部生成不可进入的孔隙越多,脱硫剂的孔隙利用率越低,越易失去硫化活性.     

Potent activity of the lichen antibiotic (+)-usnic acid against clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis>

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant staphylococci, most notably methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), are serious clinical problems. The antibiotic arsenal available against them is limited, and new mutants worsen the situation. We studied the activity of (+)-usnic acid, an old lichen-derived drug, and its sodium salt against clinical isolates of VRE and MRSA using the agar diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. The acid and, especially, the sodium salt had potent antimicrobial activity against all clinical isolates of VRE and MRSA studied. The MIC values of the sodium salt against VRE strains ranged between 4 and 16 μg/ml (1-day test) and between 4 and 31 μg/ml (2-day test), being below 8 μg/ml for most strains. The salt had potent activity even against those strains that were not inhibited by ampicillin (125 μg/ml), and it never lost its activity after 24 h, in contrast to ampicillin. Thus, in spite of the fact that usnic acid can in some cases cause serious toxicity, it and its salts may be worth considering in clinical practice in cases where other therapies have failed or the microbe is resistant toward other agents.     

有限体积法软件在天然气处理厂含硫气体三维扩散模拟中的应用

应用基于流体动力学原理的CFD方法,用有限体积法软件进行了某天然气处理厂脱硫塔泄漏后在复杂三维地形的仿真扩散模拟,计算结果能够较真实地反映气体扩散过程受三维复杂地形和风速的影响情况,为定量风险评价和企业安全生产管理提供技术支撑。