三亚电厂温排水数值模拟

针对数值求解浅方程中的难点问题，运用嵌套方法模拟计算了三亚电厂附近海域潮流场。运用建立在对流扩散理论基础之上的输运扩散模型模拟了被动扩散过程，给出了三亚电厂温排水各个方案的温升场特征值。     

低渗透岩石结构体风化初期的水气分子扩散

低渗透岩石具有孔隙狭窄、连通性差、流动阻力大等特点,这致使地下水渗流速度极低。本文以二长岩及玄武岩结构体的核心及紧靠核心的外环区域为对象对低渗透岩石结构体的初期风化机理进行研究。二长岩及玄武岩核心区的渗透率分别为0.0047×10-3μm2和0.0081×10-3μm2,孔隙度分别为1.58%和0.24%。对两种岩石的核心及外环进行化学全分析表明两个区域的主要元素含量无明显变化,外环烧失量有所增加,Fe2+与Fe3+变化敏感。薄片鉴定发现二长岩核心及外环的斜长石及钾长石均发生了强烈风化,外环中的辉石变为绿泥石。玄武岩的核心区矿物基本无变化,外环的长石及辉石发生了皂石化,部分基质绿泥石化。微观结构上,两种岩石核心区均致密坚硬,外环不同程度地出现了长石及辉石的晶内溶孔。风化初期,水以气态形式扩散进入低渗透岩石内部。水气的扩散方式为介于菲克型扩散与Knudsen扩散之间的过渡型扩散。计算得二长岩和玄武岩中的水气扩散系数分别为48.09×10-8m2/s和3.74×10-8m2/s。     

基于原位被动采样技术研究巢湖沉积物和水体中PAHs的垂直分布及其界面交换

沉积物-水体界面处分子扩散是污染物的一个重要地球化学过程,也是判断沉积物是否为上层水体中污染物汇或源的主要依据.本研究利用低密度聚乙烯膜(LDPE)为吸附相的原位被动采样器,同步确定了巢湖西半湖南淝河入湖口处不同深度的上层水体和沉积物孔隙水中13种多环芳烃(PAHs)浓度,并计算了它们在沉积物-水体界面的分子扩散通量.结果表明,3种性能参考化合物(PRCs)在上层水体中的解析速率较沉积物孔隙水中大,相应地,水体中LDPE膜对PAHs的吸附速率高于沉积物孔隙水.水体中13种PAHs总浓度(130～250 ng·L~(-1))低于沉积物孔隙水(180～253 ng·L~(-1)),且均以低环PAHs为主.2～3环PAHs浓度在上层水体中无明显的垂直变化,但4～6环PAHs浓度呈现随深度增加而降低的趋势.沉积物孔隙水中PAHs浓度的垂直变化规律反映了历史强排放过程.研究区域PAHs在沉积物-水体界面的交换通量变化范围为-384～1445 ng·m~(-2)·d~(-1),除Flu和Pyr外,其它PAHs均从沉积物向水体释放,反映了底部沉积物是上层水体中PAHs的重要二次污染源.     

Comparison of four supports for adsorption of reactive dyes by immobilized Aspergillus fumigatus beads

Four materials, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC), sodium alginate (SA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and chitosan (CTS), were prepared as supports for entrapping fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The adsorption of synthetic dyes. Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R, and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP, by these immobilized gel beads and plain gel beads was evaluated. The adsorption efficiencies of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by CTS immobilized beads were 89.1% and 93.5% in 12 h, respectively. The adsorption efficiency by Na-CMC immobilized beads was slightly lower than that of mycelial pellets. But the dye culture mediums were almost completely decolorized in 48 h using the above-mentioned two immobilized beads (exceeding 95%). The adsorption efficiency by SA immobilized beads exceeded 92% in 48 h. PVA-SA immobilized beads showed the lowest adsorption efficiency, which was 79.8% for Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and 92.5% for Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R in 48 h. Comparing the adsorption efficiency by plain gel beads, Na-CMC plain gel beads ranked next to CTS ones. SA and PVA-SA plain gel beads hardly had the ability of adsorbing dyes. Subsequently, the growth of mycelia in Na-CMC and SA immobilized beads were evaluated. The biomass increased continuously in 72 h. The adsorption capacity of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by Na-CMC immobilized beads was 78.0 and 86.7 mg/g, respectively. The SEM micrographs show that the surface structure of Na-CMC immobilized bead is loose and finely porous, which facilitates diffusion of the dyes.     

突发性大气污染事故的应急环境监测

本文探讨了突发性大气污染事故状态下进行快速、科学、规范、有效的应急环境监测的作用、工作程序、监测方法和污染扩散态势的预测方法,以防止目前应急监测中措手不及、手忙脚乱、无章可循的工作弊病,具有一定的现实意义。     

宜兴市横山水库底泥内源污染及释放特征

为弄清宜兴市横山水库底泥内源污染及释放特征,对水库典型断面进行采样分析.结果表明,横山水库表层沉积物中的总氮、总磷和有机质的平均含量分别为2778 mg·kg^-1、899 mg·kg^-1和3.1%,内源污染严重,且水库下游沉积物的污染程度高于水库上游.磷形态分析结果表明,铁结合态磷(Fe-P)和铝结合磷(Al-P)是沉积物中的主要结合态磷,分别占总磷的质量分数为28%和39%.底泥活性磷(弱吸附态磷、有机磷以及铁磷之和)平均含量为255 mg·kg^-1,占总磷的质量分数为38%.底泥氮磷平均释放速率分别为18.0 mg·(m²·d)^-1和0.60 mg·(m²·d)^-1.相关性分析结果表明,沉积物有机质含量与磷酸根、氨氮、二价铁的扩散释放通量相关性显著(P <0.05),说明沉积物中有机质的矿化可能是底泥氮磷释放的主要影响因素.