不同母岩区马尾松人工林土壤酶活性及微生物学性质研究

红壤丘陵区马尾松人工林对土壤性质有重要影响。研究马尾松长期种植对该区主要母岩（花岗岩、第四纪红黏土和红砂岩）发育土壤酶活性及微生物学性质的影响。微生物性质结果显示,土壤微生物生物量碳氮在花岗岩区较高,但有机碳在第四纪红黏土区矿化相对强烈;0～20 cm土层,花岗岩区和红砂岩区土壤有机碳相对趋向累积,而20～40 cm土层,第四纪红黏土区土壤有机碳相对累积;花岗岩区林地土壤微生物群落相对稳定,且0～20 cm层土壤微生物群落真菌较多。转化酶活性和脲酶活性在花岗岩和第四纪红黏土区较高;酸性磷酸酶活性在第四纪红黏土区显著较高;各母岩区土壤多酚氧化酶活性无显著性差异;过氧化氢酶活性在花岗岩区显著较高;因此,在马尾松与土壤长期作用下,花岗岩区土壤微生物群落稳定性,生化强度较高,相对适宜马尾松林种植。     

长期施肥对旱地红壤肥力和酶活性的影响

为了明确不同施肥种类对旱地红壤肥力与酶活性的影响,以30年（1981年至今）长期定位试验地为基础,研究不同施肥处理（CK,N,NP,NPK,2倍NPK,猪粪,NPK＋猪粪）旱地红壤玉米田耕层（0～20 cm）土壤酶活性与养分的变化趋势及其相关性。结果表明：1）全N含量各处理间差异不显著,单施N肥显著增加土壤速效N,施有机肥处理（NPK＋猪粪,猪粪）土壤的pH值、有机质、全P、速效P均显著增加;2）除了2倍NPK处理土壤脲酶活性最高外,施有机肥土壤的转化酶、脱氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性也较其他处理显著增加;3）酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶、脲酶与全N、有机质、速效N呈显著或极显著正相关;因此,红壤旱地通过长期施用有机肥或与无机肥配施,不仅能显著提高土壤肥力,而且能增加土壤酶活性,从而显著提高土壤持续生产力。     

复合菌剂对盆栽番茄土壤理化性质及微生物活性的影响

通过盆栽对照试验的方法,研究复合菌剂C1、C2对土壤理化性质及微生物活性的影响,结果表明：与对照相比,施用复合菌剂C1、C2能够减少土壤真菌的数量,在施菌剂早期可以增加土壤细菌的数量,对土壤放线菌影响较小;提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等土壤养分的质量分数,降低土壤酸度;同时还能够显著地增强土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、纤维素酶及过氧化氢酶的活性。进一步对各处理的土壤因素进行主成分分析,结果显示PC1为土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾,PC2为土壤矿化氮、脲酶、纤维素酶。综合评价土壤质量,复合菌剂C2在各处理中综合得分最大。     

壳寡糖缓解小麦镉毒害的某些生理特性研究

利用不同浓度壳寡糖溶液对小麦种子浸种,种子萌发后,对小麦幼苗进行Cd胁迫,研究了不同浓度的壳寡糖对小麦幼苗生长、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:不同浓度壳寡糖浸种,对镉胁迫下小麦幼苗生长有促进作用,幼苗高度、根长、生物量均有增加;幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量增高;SOD、POD和CAT活性增加。随着镉胁迫时间的延长,SOD和CAT活性降低,但降低幅度小于对照;POD活性却表现增加,增加的幅度大于对照。壳寡糖不同浓度之间比较,低浓度壳寡糖对镉毒害的缓解效果优于高浓度。说明壳寡糖预处理对镉胁迫有缓解作用。     

Effects of phenanthrene on hepatic enzymatic activities in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus♂×O. aureus♀)

The effects of phenanthrene (Phe) on hepatosomatic index (HSI) and hepatic enzymatic activities in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ♀× O.aureus ♂) were investigated via the static freshwater exposure at dosage of 50,100 or 400 μg/L for 4-14 d.Compared with the control group,HSI was significantly decreased (P<0.05) at 400 μg/L at day 14.Increased enzymatic activities (P<0.05) were observed for catalase (CAT),glutathione peroxidase μgPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) at either 100 or 400 μg/L at day 8 and 14,as well as for CAT at 50 μg/L at day 14,except for GPx at 400 μg/L at day 8.Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was significantly increased (P<0.05) at all dosage at day 4 as well as at 50 μg/L at day 8,but significantly decreased at either 100 or 400 μg/L at day 14 (P<0.05).Glutathione-S-transferase μgST) activity was not affected.The results suggest that CAT,GPx,SOD and EROD,as well as HSI in tilapia may be used as the biomarkers or indexes for evaluating or monitoring the pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as Phe.     

菲、芘污染土壤中丛枝菌根真菌对土壤酶活性的影响

采用温室盆栽试验方法,研究了丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对菲、芘复合污染土壤中微生物数量和酶活性的影响.结果表明,接种AMF显著增加了三叶草根际和菌丝际土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量,并对微生物区系有选择性.在供试菲、芘污染浓度范围内,低浓度菲、芘对土壤多酚氧化酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性有激活作用;但当菲、芘浓度升高时,3种酶活性受到抑制.与无植物对照土壤相比,接种AMF后三叶草菌根际酸性磷酸酶活性降低了2.4%~23.1%,过氧化氢酶活性增加了12.6%~20.3%,除高浓度处理外多酚氧化酶活性均增加;菌丝际多酚氧化酶活性比菌根际低12.9%~62.9%,酸性磷酸酶活性比菌根际高3.3%~24.0%,过氧化氢酶活性则高于菌根际.     

Effects of phenanthrene on hepatic enzymatic activities in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus♂×O. aureus♀)

The effects of phenanthrene (Phe) on hepatosomatic index (HSI) and hepatic enzymatic activities in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus O. aureus ) were investigated via the static freshwater exposure at dosage of 50, 100, and 400 g/L for 4–14 d. Compared with the control group, HSI was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) at 400 g/L at day 14. Increased enzymatic activities (P < 0.05) were observed for catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) at either 100 or 400 g/L at day 8 and 14, as well as for CAT at 50 g/L at day 14, except for GPx at 400 g/L at day 8. Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was significantly increased (P < 0.05) at all dosage at day 4 as well as at 50 g/L at day 8, but significantly decreased at either 100 or 400 g/L at day 14 (P < 0.05). Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was not a ected. The results suggest that CAT, GPx, SOD and EROD, as well as HSI in tilapia may be used as the biomarkers or indexes for evaluating or monitoring the pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as Phe.     

超声波-缺氧/好氧消化过程污泥EPS、酶活性及菌落数的变化研究

为研究超声波促进污泥缺氧/好氧消化的机理,采用最佳超声波参数（超声频率28kHz,超声密度0.1W.mL-1,超声时间15min,超声间隔时间12h）与缺氧/好氧消化衔接进行间歇试验,研究了消化过程中污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）组分（蛋白质、多糖、DNA）和相应溶出物占总量的比例,以及酶活性（蛋白酶,脱氢酶）和菌落数的变化...     

马铃薯渣固态发酵产复合酶的条件研究

以马铃薯淀粉生产中产牛的废渣为主要原料,黑曲霉为发酵菌种,采用固体发酵方法,通过单因素实验,研究了马铃薯渣初始含水量、碳源、氮源、接种量等不同因素对产酶的影响,确定了马铃薯渣发酵产生复合酶的最佳条件为:马铃薯渣初始含水量为50%,马铃薯渣:麸皮=6:4,硫酸铵添加量2.0%,接种量为5%,发酵时间3 d.在优化条件下,...     

金属离子对剩余污泥水解嗜热菌酶促效果影响研究

利用从土壤中采集分离出来的嗜热菌进行嗜热酶溶解（S-TE）污泥稳定化处理,同时添加4种金属离子（K＋、Ca2＋、Mg2＋、Fe2＋）,考察各金属离子对剩余污泥水解效果的影响.实验结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,4种金属离子都能强化污泥酶促反应,反应5h左右时蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力达到最大值.反应过程中,200μmol·L-1K...