四川省农用土地资源卫星遥感宏观监测技术方法研究

通过对土地利用类型区的分层技术、卫星遥感抽样技术、样方调查方法、数据库建立、数据汇总与外推方法、数理统计分析与精度评估等６个专题的重点研究，探索出一套四川省农用土地利用现状卫星遥感抽样调查与监测的技术方法。该技术方法实用性和可操作性较强，已在四川省实施应用，完成了１∶１０万农用土地利用现状抽样调查。土地利用类型区分为７个层２５个亚层，抽样数为１１８个，样方大小为１０ｋｍ×１０ｋｍ（即１００ｋm₂），实际抽样率为２．０％。应用结果表明：在合理分层的基础上，采用卫星遥感抽样与地理信息系统相结合的方法，能满足土地利用现状宏观调查与监测的精度要求。     

定西半干旱丘陵沟壑区资源节约型农业技术运用与评价

在分析以定西为代表的半干旱丘陵沟壑区农业资源特征的基础上，着重讨论了资源节约型农业技术的定界及其发展现状和作用，阐述了集水补灌等资源节约型农业技术持续发展的方向，以便为同类地区农业高效发展提供调控依据。     

选矿技术在城市固体废弃物资源化中的应用

选矿技术作为一种成熟的矿物分离技术已广泛应用于城市固体废弃物资源化领域 ,促进了环境的保护和资源的综合回收 ;同时也开辟了选矿技术新的应用领域。结合实例介绍国内外常用的各种城市固体废弃物的分选工艺 ,指出选矿技术的运用对固体废弃物的资源化有着重要的实际意义     

BAT and BEP as instruments for reducing emissions of unintentionally produced POPs and development of guidelines under the stockholm convention

The 6th Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC 6), under the Stockholm Convention on POPs, gave an expert group the mandate to develop guidelines for the application and implementation of best available techniques (BAT) and best environmental practices (BEP) for the prevention and reduction of unintentionally produced and emitted POPs, including polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/-furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Measures to reduce or eliminate the release of these POPs to the environment can be found in Article 5 of the Convention. BAT and BEP are already being applied as emission reduction instruments in a number of industrialised countries and are elements of other major international treaties, e.g. the UN ECE Protocol on POPs and the Marine Convention's OSPAR and HELCOM, and of the EU Directive for Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC Directive). Existing concepts are presented and compared with the requirements of the Stockholm Convention. Consequences, perspectives and questions for the future intersessional work of the above-mentioned Expert Group are discussed.     

上市公司会计数字游戏的剖析

本文从会计数字游戏产生的根源着手，分析了上市公司会计数字游戏滋生的内、外部条件及诱因，进而分析如何才能够减少会计数字游戏．     

MULTICRITERION ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION MANAGEMENT1

ABSTRACT: Multicriterion decision making (MCDM) techniques were used to analyze a groundwater contamination management problem from the viewpoint of conflicting multiple objectives. The groundwater management model was used to find a compromise strategy for trading off fresh water supply, containment of the waste, and total pumping cost in a hypothetical confined aquifer affected by previous waste disposal action. A groundwater flow model was used to formulate the hydraulic constraints. A linear system model was used to describe drawdown and velocity as functions of the decision variables which were pumping rates. The model determines the pumping location and rates. A modified c-constraint method was used to generate the set of nondominated solutions which were the alternative compromise strategies. Three different MCDM techniques, Compromise programming (CP), ELECTRA II and MCQA II, were used to select a “satisficing” alternative. Analysis of the results showed that, although these techniques follow different principles, the same preferred strategies were reached. Also, it was noticed that maintaining high groundwater velocities is expensive and difficult. In order to meet a two year target date, large amounts of water had to be pumped. Therefore, rapid restoration results in large pumping volumes and high costs.     

A test method to determine rapidly if polymers are biodegradable

Polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone/polyethylene blends were exposed to two consortia, one containing three fungi (Aspergillus niger, Gliocladium virens, andPenicillium funiculosum) and one five fungi (the three aforementioned plusAureobasidium pullulans andChaetomium globosum). Evidence of metabolization of the polymer by the five-fungus consortium was obtained from the greater oxygen consumption in the presence of polycaprolactone than in the absence of the polymer. Minor differences in the composition of the consortium result in major differences in the ability of the consortium to utilize the polymer as a carbon source.Certain commercial products are identified in order adequately to specify experimental procedures. In no case does such identification imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology or that the material is necessarily the best available for the purpose.     

大气气溶胶碳质组分在线分析仪的研制和应用

大气气溶胶碳质组分主要包括有机碳(Organic Carbon,OC)和元素碳(Elemental Carbon,EC),是大气细粒子的重要组成部分,对大气环境及人体健康具有非常重要的意义.针对目前商品化碳质气溶胶在线分析仪存在的一些问题,研制出大气气溶胶碳质组分在线分析仪(PKUOCEC),实现了对OC和EC的小时浓度测量.仪器同时采用热分解-光学透射(Thermo Optical Transmission,TOT)法和热分解-光学反射(Thermo Optical Reflection,TOR)法分离OC和EC,检测限为0.29μg·m-3(以C计)(采样时间40 min,采样流量8 L·min-1),测量范围最大值为211.50μg·m-3(以C计),可以满足不同环境的大气观测要求.于2016年1月23—31日采用该仪器对北京怀柔大气进行监测,并与商品化在线碳质气溶胶分析仪(RT-4 OCEC,Sunset Lab Inc.)和多角度吸收光度计(5012 MAAP,Thermo Scientific)进行比对.结果显示,PKU-OCEC测得的TC(Total Carbon,TC=OC+EC)和OC浓度均与Sunset-OCEC对应结果显著相关(TC:r=0.986,OC:r=0.984;p0.01),说明两台仪器测量结果具有很好的一致性;Sunset-OCEC测得的EC数据有39.39%低于0.013μg·m-3(以C计),剔除该部分异常值后,其测得的EC数据与PKU-OCEC数据的线性拟合方程由CEC_Sunset=0.9278×CEC_PKU!0.0704(TOT法)和CEC_Sunset=0.9476×CEC_PKU!0.2665(TOR法)变为CE C_Sunset=0.6810×CEC_PKU+1.2842(TOT法)和CEC_Sunset=0.7035×CEC_PKU+1.1179(TOR法),新的方程产生较大正截距,说明Sunset-OCEC的检测限偏高;PKUOCEC测得的EC数据与MAAP测得的BC数据显著相关,其线性拟合度(R2=0.8868(TOT法)、R2=0.8614(TOR法))大于Sunset-OCEC与MAAP的拟合度(R2=0.8047);PKU-OCEC分析仪TOT法和TOR法测得的OC浓度相当(COC_TOR=0.9963×COC_TOT,R2=0.9959).综合结果表明,PKU-OCEC分析仪测量数据可靠,运行稳定且操作简便,可以用于各种环境条件下的大气监测.     

信息化建设--数字化校园的迫切要求

从分析目前高校信息化建设的现状入手,阐述了信息化建设涵义和高校发展信息建设的意义,并提出一些关于加快发展高校信息化建设的建议,希望能对高校的信息化建设起到一定的积极作用.     

基于IAHP的南海深水井喷快速应急技术优选

为支持深水井喷事故救援决策,有必要开展井喷快速应急技术优选。基于区间层次分析法(IAHP)构建了具有4个一级准则和12个二级准则的深水井喷快速应急技术优选模型。首先得到准则层优先级顺序,即在选用井喷应急技术时,一级准则依次考虑控油能力、作业实施速度、设计制造速度、恶劣环境适应能力等因素;二级准则依次考虑装置控油机理、设计速度、安装作业速度、水合物抑制能力等因子。最后面向南海深水井喷风险,根据优选模型与应急技术特征参数,得到方案层的8种应急技术优选顺序,给出的南海深水井喷控制方案可用于应急预案编制及事故现场应急处置。