污泥焚烧处理成本分析

为进一步降低污泥焚烧处理成本,先对污泥流化床焚烧处理作了简单的工艺分类与对比,并针对"自持焚烧"处理工艺,列出了较为详细的设备资金投入比重、直接运行成本和运行总成本,进而提出了推广该工艺技术降低成本的途径是对污泥进行预处理、提高设备国产化水平和开发应用多样化技术。     

Comparison of Ground Water Bacterial Cell Sizes from the Agricultural, Domestic and Industrial Areas of Mysore District, Karnataka State, India

A two-year study on temporal variations in the ground water heterotrophic bacterial cell sizes of free living bacteria(FLB)and particle bound bacteria(PBB)from the agricultural,domestic and industrial areas was carried out from Februar y2005 to January 2007.The overall mean cell length of FLB and PBB was similar in all the ground water studied.However,the season wise grouped data revealed significant seasonal changes in cell length of FLB and PBB,as smaller bacteria were noticed during rainy season in the ground water in agricultural area in both the years,and only in the second year of study in domestic and industrial areas.Generally,it was noticed that there were summer maximum and rainy minimum values of the cell length of PBB in the ground water in agricultural,domestic and industrial areas in the second year of study.The Pearson's correlations showed the presence of 8(in agricultural area),5(in domestic)and 3(in industrial) significant correlations with environmental(Physico-chemical)parameters,respectively.The regression analysis revealed that as much as 12%of variation in the mean length of FL Bwas due to NO3( )in agricultural area and 9%due to total solids( )indomestic area.However,the 8% variation in bacterial cell size of FLB was due to Mg( )in industrial area.Whereas,13%variation in mean length of PBB was due to S04( )in agncultural area and 10%due to total anions of strong acid(TASA)( )in domestic area.Furthermore,10% of variation Was due to PO4( )in industrial area.Thus,the statistical analysis revealed that several environmental variables were potentially responsible for some of the temporal variations in aquatic heterotrophic bacterial cell size,suggesting probably the stressed environment in these ecosystems.     

Determination of chemical warfare agents

Ethylarsine dichloride was used during WW I as a chemical warfare agent. Residues of this chemical warfare agent and its metabolites are still present today and continue to contaminate soil and water. A gas Chromatographic method for the detection and determination of ethylarsine dichloride is shown. Six dithiols were tested as possible derivatization reagents for ethylarsine dichloride. With selection of the dithiol, matrix interferences can be eliminated because of the different retention times of the derivatives.     

用开管法快速测定废水的COD

介绍了用硫酸锰代替硫酸银作催化剂快速开管测定废水COD的方法．最佳测定条件为：消解温度170℃,消解时间12min,酸度11mol／L,催化剂(硫酸锰)用量10g／L。该方法使试样的消解时间由标准法的2h缩短到12min,同时用硫酸锰代替价格昂贵的硫酸银可大大降低分析成本,而准确度和精密度与用硫酸银作催化剂的开管法基本相同,COD测定下限为65mg／L。该方法可同时消解多个试样．适用于大批量水样的测定。     

锌冶炼烟气制酸废水中汞的测定

采用冷原子吸收光度法测定经石灰乳和铁盐处理后的锌冶炼烟气制酸废水中汞的浓度时,可按废水中汞浓度与其pH的关系,从试样pH的高低大致估计其汞浓度范围,由此确定其稀释倍数和取样量。试样用KBrO3-KBr消解法消解,用直接法稀释,这样可以减少操作步骤、缩短测定周期、减少样品中汞的损失、提高监测结果的可靠性和准确性,同时可减少人力、物力浪费,降低监测成本。     

联合测定水中总磷和总氮

《水和废水监测分析方法》(第4版)中,总磷和总氮两项测定都需数小时以上的前处理过程。由于消化条件对测试结果的影响较大,故每次样品测试必须同时做标准曲线。若两个项目分别测定,不仅耗时耗力,又因所采样品保存时间较短,需在24h内测定,一个人同时承担这两个项目有点难于应付。今采用同时消化总磷和总氮,在所有试剂和条件与消化总氮的条件相同的情况下,节省一半的时间和试剂,其结果不论是标准曲线、精密度、准确度均符合质量要求。对提高工作效率具有实际应用意义。     

厌氧颗粒污泥流化床的动力学参数测定

介绍了厌氧颗粒污泥流化床反应器的主要动力学参数及其测定方法。通过分批试验测定厌氧动力学系数,以基质代谢平衡方程计算得到颗粒污泥双膜模型中的产甲烷层厚度,进行了颗粒污泥粒径、干密度等的测定和扩散系数的确定。以这些参数为基础的动力学模型计算结果与反应器长期连续运行测定结果相一致,证明了所测参数及其模型的可靠性。      

UPLC-串联质谱法快速测定地表水中多种农药残留

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定地表水中21种氨基甲酸酯和有机磷农药,通过优化试验条件,使方法在0. 500μg/L～100μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0. 1μg/L～6. 2μg/L。对空白水样做3个质量浓度水平的加标回收试验,5次测定结果的RSD为0. 3%～9. 5%,回收率为82. 0%～113%。将该方法用于测定徐州某地表水样品,3个水样均为未检出。     

地表水采测分离现场监测质量监督与量化评估

分析了地表水采测分离现场监测引入社会化服务后面临的质量监管难点,从建立监测人员能力考核和资质管理制度、制定质量监督和评估机制、完善现场采样监测质控要素和原始记录清单等3个方面讨论了采测分离模式现场监测的质控管理措施。在此基础上,制定了涵盖技术人员资质能力、机构监测能力、质控样品合格率、交接样品合格率和现场质量抽查结果等5个要素的量化评估方案,并明确了各要素包含的评价指数及权重。     

基于覆岩裂隙带发育高度的走向高抽巷合理位置确定

为确定大采高综采面高抽巷的合理位置,以李村煤矿1303工作面为研究背景,采用理论分析、数值模拟及现场监测等研究方法,对1303工作面覆岩裂隙发育特征、高抽巷空间位置对其围岩稳定性与抽采效果的影响规律进行系统研究。研究结果表明:高抽巷宜布置在覆岩裂隙发育区,远离回风巷道采动应力影响的位置;1303工作面覆岩破坏范围随推进距离增加,呈现先急剧增大后趋于稳定的趋势,工作面推进距离为300 m时,裂隙带高度稳定在50 m左右,形成瓦斯抽采的优势通道;高抽巷距离煤层顶板、回风巷越近,越易失稳,不利于长期抽采,综合考虑高抽巷不同位置时的瓦斯抽采效率及围岩稳定性,确定其合理位置分别是距离回风巷平距为35 m,垂距为45 m;结合现场瓦斯浓度监测结果,得出上隅角、工作面、回风巷瓦斯浓度最大值分别为0.42%,0.24%,0.33%,远低于瓦斯超限标准1%,进一步证明高抽巷层位的合理布置,可以提高瓦斯抽采效果。