固体电解质SO_2（SO_3）传感器测定烟道气中的SO_2

本文论述了利用北京科技大学研制的固体电解质ＳＯ２（ＳＯ３）传感器对测定烟道气中的ＳＯ２进行的研究。利用该传感器测定烟道气中的ＳＯ２,其测量范围为：５０—１７０００ｍｇ／ｍ３,相对标准偏差小于４．０％。因而具有测量范围宽,精确度高以及稳定性好的特点。设计的试验样机的总体噪声和漂移小于１．０ｍｇ／ｍ３,同时具有体积小．重量轻和操作简单的特点。     

Methods for more accurate determination of explosion severity parameters

Accurate determination of explosion severity parameters (p_max, (dp/dt)_max, and K_St) is essential for dust explosion assessment, identification of mitigation strategy, and design of mitigation measure of proper capacity. The explosion severity parameters are determined according to standard methodology however variety of dust handled and operation circumstances may create practical challenge on the optimal test method and subsequent data interpretation. Two methods are presented: a statistical method, which considers all test results in determination of explosion severity parameters and a method that corrects the results for differences of turbulence intensity. The statistical method also calculates experimental error (uncertainty) that characterises the experimental spread, allows comparison to other dust samples and may define quality determination threshold. The correction method allows to reduce discrepancies between results from 1 m³ vessel and 20-l sphere caused by difference in the turbulence intensity level. Additionally new experimental test method for difficult to inject samples together with its analysis is described. Such method is a versatile tool for explosion interpretation in test cases where different dispersion nozzle is used (various turbulence level in the test chamber) because of either specific test requirements or being “difficult dust sample”.     

原子荧光光谱仪同时测定样品中的砷和汞

用原子荧光光度计,采用顺序注射自动进样技术同时测定不同样品中的砷和汞,并进行了仪器工作条件的优化,砷、汞的检出限分别可达0．2μg/L和0．015μg/L,样品的加标回收率砷为92％～103％,汞为98％～104％,完全能够满足环保行业不同样品砷和汞的含量的检测。该方法具有一次性处理样品,同时测定样品中砷和汞含量的优点,操作简单、快速,节省试剂。     

顶空气相色谱／质谱法测定糠醛废水中的糠醛含量

采用顶空气相色谱质谱法,利用PEG20M柱测定糠醛废水中的糠醛含量。方法相对标准偏差RSD〈3．7％,相关性r〉0．9999,基体样品回收率为96．5％-102％,检出限0．001mg／L。     

超高效液相色谱-串联四级杆质谱法快速测定阿特拉津、甲萘威、微囊藻毒素LR、丙烯酰胺和联苯胺

以地表水环境质量标准为依据,建立了直接进样-超高效液相色谱-串联四级杆质谱法快速同时测定地表水中阿特拉津、甲萘威、微囊藻毒素LR、联苯胺和丙烯酰胺的方法。水样采集后经0．22μm滤膜过滤后直接进样,使用C18反相柱为分离柱,柱温40℃,流速0．2 ml/min,乙腈和甲酸水(0．1%)作为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,串联质谱采用MRM模式,使用ESI(+)源电离水样,每个样品分析时间仅需2．5 min。五种物质检出限为0．0001~0．0003 mg/L,加标回收率为80．0%~118．9%,满足国家标准要求。针对地表水所需检测项目进行优化,提高了实验室水质检测效率,同时测定多组分且分析时间短,适用于地表水中相关项目的监测。     

碘离子选择电极快速测定食盐中碘的含量

利用碘离子选择电极,以0．1mol／LKNO（3^-）0.01mol／L酒石酸为总离子强度调节荆、Na2SO3为还原保护剂,将加碘食盐中的10（3^-）还原为I^-,在双液接饱和甘汞电极为参比电极的条件下,采用直接电位法和标准曲线法直接测定了溶液中的碘含量,实验结果表明,本方法线性范围10^（-1）～10^（-7）mol／L,检测下限4.6×10^（-8）mol／L,样品具有较好的回收率（98．2％-100．7％）,可以用此方法测定食盐中I^-的含量。     

4-氨基安替比林直接光度法测定污水中高浓度挥发酚

以50.00mg/L的苯酚标准溶液配制校准曲线系列,按4-氨基安替比林直接光度法加入试剂进行显色反应,于510nm波长,用5mm比色皿测定溶液的吸光度,可将测定上限扩大到12.5mg/L。高浓度的含酚污水往往直接或稀释较少倍数就能测定。本法的检出限为0.06mg/L,显色体系可稳定60min,相对标准偏差RSD〈4%,加标回收率为96.8%～102.5%,与标准法的测定结果无显著性差异。     

挥发酚测定过程中的质量控制

对4-氨基安替比林萃取光度法测定水中挥发酚过程中容易忽视和不易掌握的环节,进行理论分析,结合实际操作阐明对该环节如何进行控制,以提高挥发酚分析的灵敏度和准确度。     

事故经济损失分类及评估方法研究综述*

为系统了解事故的经济损失分类、评估方法以及发展方向,通过文献综述的方法,回顾事故经济损失的研究起源,总结主要的分类方法,归纳评估方法的主要特点,分析评估难点并展望未来可能的研究方向。研究结果表明:事故经济损失统计项目难以全部列出,须在其构成价值与评估所需努力之间相权衡;在事后全面准确评估经济损失仍是未来的研究重点,其有益于统计标准的制修订,而事前评估则是1个新兴的方向;很难选择合适的直间比来评估间接经济损失,未来需开发1种简单灵活的评估方法。研究结果可为未来事故经济损失分类和评估的研究应用提供理论和数据支撑。     

A methodology to estimate carbon storage and flux in forestland using existing forest and soils databases

Sequestration of carbon through expansion and management offorestland can assist in reducing greenhouse gas concentrationsin the atmosphere. Quantification of the amount of carbonpresents an ongoing challenge that calls for new approaches.These new approaches must seek to simplify the science-basedaccounting of carbon storage and flux, while adhering to generalprinciples of greenhous gas accounting. Quantifying change incarbon storage and carbon flux consists of two steps: developinga baseline of carbon storage, and measuring resulting storageand flux following a change of conditions. A methodology isproposed that accomplishes both steps, applicable to anaggregate-level analysis using the state of Iowa (U.S.A.) as a case study. The method combines existing databasesfrom the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and U.S. Department ofAgriculture (USDA), and merges these with the methods of Birdsey(USDA, 1992, 1995; IPCC, 1997; EIIP, 1999) for partitioningcarbon stocks into storage pools. Forested ecosystems in the study area contain approximately 137.3 metric tons organiccarbon per hectare, or 114 million metric tons of carbon inaggregate. Of this total, 44.7 million tons are stored inbiomass tissue, and 69.2 million tons of carbon are contained insoils. Carbon flux due to forests in the state of Iowa isestimated to be a net annual sequestration (removal from theatmosphere) of 4.3 million metric tons of CO₂-equivalent,approximately 5% of the net annual CO₂-equivalentemissions from the state (Ney et al., 1996).