环状扩散采样管的研制及其在大气氨测定中的应用

为解决采样过程中气体与颗粒物之间的相互干扰的问题。在国内首次研制出新型大气痕量气体采样装置－环状扩散管,并应用于采集大气中的氨。在大气条件下对氨的收集效率可达９７％,检测限为０．１５μｇ／ｍ＾３,与滤膜法和湿式环状扩散管进行了对比实验。结果表明三者基本一致,从１９８５年到１９９２年,在４－５月份测定了北京中关村地区大氨浓度,其变化范围４．６－４０μｇ／ｍ＾３,平均浓度１７μｇ／ｍ＾３。     

环境样品放射性测量数据的实用统计处理

本文就环境样品放射性核素含量测量中存在的数据处理问题进行了综合性讨论与分析。结合数据统计分析新理论提出一些实用的数据统计分析方法,包括测量结果的判断、探测限和测定限、极低水平环境样品放射性测量数据处理和测量结果总不确定度估计等。     

废水中乙醛的化学发光法测定

乙醛发光分析法的检出限为8×10~(-11)g/ml,线性范围为5×10~(-10)g/ml-1×10~(-6)g/ml.对近30种常见无机物和有机物对乙醛测定的影响进行了试验,表明该方法具有良好的选择性.用于有机化工和印染废水中乙醛的测定,其回收率为94％～100％,变异系数为1.6％—6.4％。     

造纸漂白废水中多氯联苯的测定

介绍了造纸氯化漂白废水中痕量多氯联苯的测定方法,采用国产ＧＤＸ－５０１树脂进行富集,经素氏提取,浓硫酸洗涤和去活化的氧化铝－硝酸银硅胶层析柱净化后,用毛细管气相色谱法测定,实验结果表明,造纸氯化漂白废水中产生的ＰＣＢｓ为１０＾－９级,且以低氯取代产物为主,方法回收率在６０％以上。     

反相高效液相色谱法(RPHPLC)测定水体中硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐

文章提出了一个快速RPHPLC同时测定水体中NO_3~-和NO_2~-的新方法。使用UV210检测,磷酸为流动相,最低检出量(S/N=2):NO_3~-为0.08ng,NO_2~-为0.6ng。文章对流动相的pH及浓度进行了优化并对某地自来水及城市排放水进行了测定。全部分析时间仅为3min。     

废旧沥青混合料的环境影响分析

分析了废旧沥青混合料中沥青的毒性及对环境的直接危害,以及当前沥青混合料不同处理方式对环境的影响,并对废弃这些沥青混合料而开采使用新材料带来的潜在环境破坏进行了科学的分析,提出了具体解决的方法。     

Sensitized effect of β-cyclodextrin on the fluorescence in the determination of carbaryl

Based on the significant enhancement of fluorescence intensity of carbaryl in inclusion complex, a spetrofluorimetric method with high sensitivity was developed for the determination of carbaryl in aqueous solution. Under the optimum conditions, the complex had excitation and emission maxima at 278 nm and 332 nm, respectively. The linear range of the method was 7.0 ng/ml-1500 ng/ml with a detection limit of 1.2 ng/ml. The proposed method was successfully used to determine quantitatively of carbaryl in cottonseeds.     

江淮地区断层气CO_2观测初析

对淮阴区政府内和洪泽县被单厂内的两个观测点的地质情况作了介绍 ,对该两点的断层气CO2 观测资料及其方法作了分析研究 ,提出了江淮地区开展断层气CO2 观测应注意的问题。认为CO2快速测定法可作为市、县地震部门开展地震前兆观测工作较为理想的方法。     

用微生物传感器测定BOD的研究

本研究选用性能优良的微生物,采用夹层法制备微生物并解决了其菌体易流失的问题,与氧电极组装成ＢＯＤ传感器。     

Vegetation monitoring in South-Varanger, Norway – species composition of ground vegetation and its relation to environmental variables and pollution impact

The area along the Norwegian-Russian border is threatened by air pollution from emission sources on the Kola Peninsula. A permanent network of 78 systematically chosen monitoring sites has been established in eastern Finnmark, Norway. Species abundance data from the ground vegetation have been recorded from 1320 systematically chosen permanent plots inside 66 of these sites, using frequency in subplots and visual estimates of percentage cover. Environmental variables were obtained for the whole site. Multivariate data analysis has been used to describe the variation in the species composition and to study its relation to environmental variables and pollution impact. The analyses show that much of the variation in the species composition, based on average species abundance at the sites, is well explained by different soil and climatic conditions. However, estimated SO₂ deposition, Ni, and Cu in the soil, and Ni in Cladina tissue have also been found to be statistically significantly correlated with the variation in the species data, but they explain only a minor part of the variation. The pollution impact over several years may have lead to a reduced lichen cover in the bottom-layer vegetation. Further development in an either negative or positive direction can be detected by re-investigations of the monitoring sites.