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251.
研究了高铁酸盐溶液(FS)降解直接耐晒黑G(DB19)的效果,并采用UV-Vis、GC/MS等方法对降解机理进行了分析.结果表明,FS对DB19的脱色效果较好,pH<7.7时,5min的脱色率达到94%以上,最佳范围为pH<10.7.FS的最佳投加量为20mg/L,反应60min时,对DB19色度和COD的去除率分别为95%和60%. FS对DB19废水TOC的去除率为5%,表明染料大分子难以被完全矿化.UV-Vis扫描、GC/MS分析和体系pH值的变化结果表明,染料分子的偶氮键能被迅速攻击破坏,使染料消色,染料大分子被氧化为有机小分子中间产物,提高了染料废水的可生化性,同时产生大量的酸性有机中间物质,导致体系的pH值显著降低. 相似文献
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以50.00 mg/L的苯酚标准溶液配制校准曲线系列,按4-氨基安替比林直接光度法加入试剂进行显色反应,于波长510 nm,用5 mm比色皿测定溶液的吸光度,可将测定上限扩大到12.5 mg/L。高浓度的含酚污水往往直接或稀释较少倍数就能测定。本法的检出限为0.06 mg/L,显色体系可稳定60 min,RSD<4%,加标回收率为96.8%~102.5%,与标准法的测定结果无显著性差异。 相似文献
254.
Amauri G. Souza Zenilda L. Cardeal Rodinei Augusti 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):171-176
The photolytic degradation of diazinon, an organophosphorus pesticide, in aqueous medium under assorted pH values was continuously monitored by direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The results indicated that the UV radiation was quite efficient in promoting the pesticide degradation at the three pH levels evaluated (5, 7 and 8). The m/z of the most abundant ions observed in the mass spectra (MS), in conjunction with the fragmentation patterns of such ionic species (MS/MS data), made possible the proposition of chemical structures for the main by-products formed. As a result, routes for the photodegradation of diazinon in aqueous solution could thus be suggested. In the assays using Artemia salina (brine shrimp) it was verified that the photodegradation products exhibited much lower toxicity than the primary substrate. Aiming at mimicking the conditions ordinarily found in water treatment plants, an additional series of tests was conducted with a solution containing sodium hypochlorite and diazinon. This solution, when not exposed to UV radiation, exhibited high toxicity against the microorganisms. Under the influence of UV radiation, however, the toxicity rates decreased dramatically. This result is relevant because it points toward the confident application of UV radiation to neutralize the deleterious effects caused by diazinon (and perhaps other organophosphorus pesticides) as well as sodium hypochlorite to the environment. 相似文献
255.
Daiane Placido Torres Maristela Braga Martins-Teixeira Solange Cadore Helena Müller Queiroz 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):514-522
A method for the determination of total mercury in fresh fish and shrimp samples by solid sampling thermal decomposition/amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry (TDA AAS) has been validated following international foodstuff protocols in order to fulfill the Brazilian National Residue Control Plan. The experimental parameters have been previously studied and optimized according to specific legislation on validation and inorganic contaminants in foodstuff. Linearity, sensitivity, specificity, detection and quantification limits, precision (repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility), robustness as well as accuracy of the method have been evaluated. Linearity of response was satisfactory for the two range concentrations available on the TDA AAS equipment, between approximately 25.0 and 200.0 μg kg?1 (square regression) and 250.0 and 2000.0 μg kg?1 (linear regression) of mercury. The residues for both ranges were homoscedastic and independent, with normal distribution. Correlation coefficients obtained for these ranges were higher than 0.995. Limits of quantification (LOQ) and of detection of the method (LDM), based on signal standard deviation (SD) for a low-in-mercury sample, were 3.0 and 1.0 μg kg?1, respectively. Repeatability of the method was better than 4%. Within-laboratory reproducibility achieved a relative SD better than 6%. Robustness of the current method was evaluated and pointed sample mass as a significant factor. Accuracy (assessed as the analyte recovery) was calculated on basis of the repeatability, and ranged from 89% to 99%. The obtained results showed the suitability of the present method for direct mercury measurement in fresh fish and shrimp samples and the importance of monitoring the analysis conditions for food control purposes. Additionally, the competence of this method was recognized by accreditation under the standard ISO/IEC 17025. 相似文献
256.
将电镀污泥作为一种重要的重金属资源加以回收利用,逐渐成为了国内外研究的重点。以电镀污泥为研究对象,在不同的温度及不同的焙烧时间下进行直接焙烧和还原焙烧,并对焙烧底渣进行酸浸,分别研究了污泥减量率以及Cu、Ni、Zn和Cr 4种重金属的含量和浸出率,并探索了还原剂(煤粉)和催化剂(CaCO3)投加量的影响。实验结果表明,原始电镀污泥中,Cu含量最高,达到10.05%,因此,电镀污泥中Cu具有回收价值;焙烧后电镀污泥得到了减量化,同时污泥中的金属得到了富集;还原焙烧比直接焙烧更有利于Cu的选择性浸出,当煤粉投加量为10%,CaCO3投加量为0.5%,在700℃下焙烧20 min时,Cu的浸出率达到98.73%,Cu的含量达到15.07%。 相似文献
257.
总结了实测法、物料衡算法、模型法、排放系数法、工程估算法等国内外石化废水挥发性有机物(VOCs)逸散量估算方法的主要特点及适用范围。应用排放系数法和实测法估算国内某石化厂废水收集处理系统VOCs逸散量为354.26 t/a。根据估算方法的实际应用研究,建议物料衡算法中废水油相VOCs逸散可结合油相敞口面积和油相性质,提供废水油相的排放系数;应用Water 9软件估算含油膜废水设施逸散量时,应单独估算油膜VOCs逸散量;建议排放系数法中废水收集系统排水口、检查井未密闭VOCs排放系数均确定为0.032 kg/h(每个逸散源),废水处理系统油水分离器、气浮装置按进水中石油类浓度的大小,分别提供VOCs排放系数。 相似文献
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为快速脱色降解偶氮类染料,同时解决零价铁活化效率低、易被氧化的问题,以直接耐酸大红4BS(大红4BS)为模拟废水污染物,通过Fe-AC/PDS(铁碳微电解活化过硫酸钠)反应体系对大红4BS进行脱色降解。对影响大红4BS降解的几种因素如Fe:AC(铁碳质量比)、PDS浓度、初始pH等进行探究。结果表明,大红4BS脱色率在Fe:AC=3:1时高达94.7%。增大PDS浓度能明显促进反应进行,但超过5 mmol·L-1时,对体系影响不大。初始溶液pH对Fe-AC/PDS体系降解大红4BS作用显著,在酸性和中性(pH=3.02、4.67、7.32)时,大红4BS的脱色率分别高达98.8%、96.2%、94.7%,但在碱性(pH=9.38、10.78)条件下,其脱色率只有24.5%、18.7%。无机盐阴离子对Fe-AC/PDS体系降解大红4BS有抑制作用,而阳离子对其产生促进作用。自由基俘获实验表明Fe-AC/PDS体系降解大红4BS并不仅仅只是自由基的氧化反应,还存在其他复杂反应,继而对Fe-AC/PDS体系降解大红4BS的机理进行探讨。 相似文献