CASS处理技术的原理和应用

介绍了CASS工艺的原理、特点、核心构筑物和设计、运行中应注意的主要问题以及常见故障的排除方法。     

环境空气中VOC s 的监测技术新进展

大气中的挥发性有机物(VOCs)严重威胁着人类的健康,目前对它的监测技术的研究越来越多.文章综述了近年来国内外在VOCs的采样及测试技术上的进展,重点介绍了固相微萃取、罐取样、吸附法等采样技术以及以气相色谱法为主的分析方法,并对一些非色谱法的分析技术进行了简单介绍.     

环境中苯并(a)芘监测技术及建议

环境中BaP是引起人们各类癌症的主要诱发物.叙述了环境中BaP的来源及其浓度状况,列举了国家制定的各项标准中的BaP含量的浓度限值,论述了环境水中和空气中BaP的样品采集、保存、前处理、分析测定及定量监测中应注意的几个问题,提出了监测BaP的4点建议.     

兰州市大气污染特征与污染预报技术研究

结合兰州市大气污染特征,采用国际上较为先进的污染预报模式,分别建立了实时资料与数值产品相结合的实用统计预报模型.其系统预报结果准确程度较好,实用性强,时研究兰州市大气污染来源及政府决策都起着重要的作用.     

粪大肠菌群多管发酵测定法的改进研究

对地表水和废水中粪大肠菌群目前通用的多管发酵检测方法进行优化。将水样接种至乳糖蛋白胨培养液后,在44.5℃±0.5℃培养箱中培养24h记录结果,并与优化前的方法进行对比。结果表明,改进后的方法在时间上比改进前节省了约24~48小时,但两者在结果上无统计学意义的差别。多管发酵改进法可以用于地表水和废水中粪大肠菌群的检测。     

A new tracer technique for monitoring groundwater fluxes: the Finite Volume Point Dilution Method

Quantification of pollutant mass fluxes is essential for assessing the impact of contaminated sites on their surrounding environment, particularly on adjacent surface water bodies. In this context, it is essential to quantify but also to be able to monitor the variations with time of Darcy fluxes in relation with changes in hydrogeological conditions and groundwater - surface water interactions. A new tracer technique is proposed that generalizes the single-well point dilution method to the case of finite volumes of tracer fluid and water flush. It is called the Finite Volume Point Dilution Method (FVPDM). It is based on an analytical solution derived from a mathematical model proposed recently to accurately model tracer injection into a well. Using a non-dimensional formulation of the analytical solution, a sensitivity analysis is performed on the concentration evolution in the injection well, according to tracer injection conditions and well-aquifer interactions. Based on this analysis, optimised field techniques and interpretation methods are proposed. The new tracer technique is easier to implement in the field than the classical point dilution method while it further allows monitoring temporal changes of the magnitude of estimated Darcy fluxes, which is not the case for the former technique. The new technique was applied to two experimental sites with contrasting objectives, geological and hydrogeological conditions, and field equipment facilities. In both cases, field tracer concentrations monitored in the injection wells were used to fit the calculated modelled concentrations by adjusting the apparent Darcy flux crossing the well screens. Modelling results are very satisfactory and indicate that the methodology is efficient and accurate, with a wide range of potential applications in different environments and experimental conditions, including the monitoring with time of changes in Darcy fluxes.     

柑桔高接换种技术

从品种筛选、砧穗选择、嫁接时期与方法、嫁接部位与接芽数量,以及配套管理等方面阐述了柑桔高接换种的技术.     

秸秆腐解剂在秸秆还田中的效果研究初报

在大田、微区和盆栽条件下,研究了秸秆腐解剂对小麦、水稻生长及产量的影响,同时研究了秸秆腐解剂对小麦、水稻秸秆腐解速率及对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,稻、麦秸秆还田时施用秸秆腐解剂对提高稻、麦产量具有明显的增产效果,增产的原因是穗数和粒数增加;稻、麦秸秆还田量不同时,还田量大且配施秸秆腐解剂的效果较还田量小好;麦秸秆还田方式不同时,麦秸以栽稻前耕翻还田且配施秸秆腐解剂的效果较好,上水沤制的效果较差;秸秆腐解剂能促进稻、麦秸秆较快腐解,减轻和防止多量秸秆还田给作物生长带来不利影响,并可稳定和提高土壤养分含量。     

热解焚烧技术处置医疗废物的影响因素与工况控制研究

针对热解焚烧技术处置医疗废物的特点,分析处置工艺运行参数对稳定工况的影响规律,确定医疗废物在热解焚烧技术炉内稳定焚烧的工艺参数,指出送风量与气化炉、燃烧炉的温度关系是焚烧系统控制的关键。通过对某型焚烧炉的测试,得到了送风量与气化炉和燃烧炉的温度关系曲线。测试结果表明,实时动态调控气化炉和燃烧炉的送风量,能够实现医疗废物的稳定焚烧。     

重点流域水系沉积物中多环芳烃标准样品制备

环境标准样品是监测过程中重要的质量控制手段,中国受天然基体标准样品制备技术的制约,尚未拥有自己的沉积物中多环芳烃标准样品。为制备符合中国重点流域沉积物类型及多环芳烃浓度水平的沉积物标准样品,对中国6个重点流域的沉积物进行了采样,获得了制备多环芳烃标准样品的原料。分析常温及冷冻2种干燥方式对多环芳烃的影响,为制备大批量多环芳烃标准样品提供数据支持。对11个点位样品采用气相色谱质谱法测定16种优控多环芳烃化合物浓度,结果表明,样品均匀性良好,样品中多环芳烃检出率在99%以上,江河沉积物样品中多环芳烃浓度区间为664~2.91×103μg/kg,湖泊样品最高值达到1.25×105μg/kg,其主要污染源是化学燃料的燃烧。为中国制备水系沉积物中多环芳烃标准样品积累了技术基础。