N2O and NH3 emissions from a bioreactor landfill operated under limited aerobic degradation conditions

The combination of leachate recirculation and aeration to landfill may be an efficient way for in-situ nitrogen removal. However, nitrogenous substances contained in the landfill layer are concomitantly transformed into N2O and NH3, leading to increased emissions into the atmosphere. In the present study, the emissions of N2O and NH3 were measured under conditions of fresh or partially stabilized refuse with or without leachate recirculation or intermittent aeration. The results showed that the largest N2O emission (12.4 mg-N/L of the column) was observed in the aerated column loaded with partially stabilized refuse and recycled with the leachate of low C/N ratio; while less than 0.33 mg-N/L of the column was produced in the other columns. N2O production was positively correlated with the prolonged aerobic time and negatively related with the C/N ratio in the recycled leachate. NH3 volatilization increased with enhanced gas flow and concentration of free ammonia in the leachate, and the highest cumulative volatilization quantity was 1.7 mg-N/L of the column.     

Effects of overlying water aeration on phosphorus fractions and alkaline phosphatase activity in surface sediment

Microbial activity may influence phosphorus (P) deposit and release at the water sediment interface. The properties of DO (dissolved oxygen), pH, P fractions (TP, Ca-P, Fe-P, OP, IP), and APA (alkaline phosphatase activity) at the water sediment interface were measured to investigate microbial activity variations in surface sediment under conditions of two-month intermittent aeration in overlying water. Results showed that DO and TP of overlying water increased rapidly in the first week and then decreased gradually after 15 day of intermittent aeration. Microorganism metabolism in surface sediment increased pH and decreased DO and TP in the overlying water. After two-month intermittent aeration, APA and OP from surface sediment (0–2 cm) were both significantly higher than those from bottom sediment (6–8 cm) (p < 0.05), and surface sediment Fe-P was transferred to OP during the course of microorganism reproduction on the surface sediment. These results suggest that microbial activity and microorganism biomass from the surface sediment were higher than those from bottom sediment after two-month intermittent aeration in the overlying water.     

浸没式膜生物反应器中气含率的研究

通过对浸没式膜生物反应器中总平均气相含率、下降区气含率和上升区气含率的测量和研究,实验表明:反应器运行的适宜工况流量为:100~300 m3/h之间,曝气量:2.5~7.5 m3/h;验证了静压差法测量气含率的方法在膜生物反应器中的适用性;根据测量数据分析得出膜生物反应器中总平均气含率随曝气量的增大而增加,整个下降区气含率及计算得到的上升区气含率都稳定增大,但下降区内部每段气含率呈现余弦曲线的变化规律。     

河道曝气提升河流水质的WASP模型研究

曝气充氧是修复受污染河道的重要技术,数学模型是预测、评估环境污染状况的重要方法.本研究应用WASP水质模型评价不同时段河道曝气对河流水质的提升作用.初期模型验证结果表明,WASP水质模型拟合结果与实际监测结果基本吻合,可为水污染治理工程提供参考依据.在此基础上,对不同曝气条件进行模拟分析,结果表明,河道曝气能够有效降低河水中的化学需氧量(COD)和氨氮(NH+4-N)浓度,改善水质;随着曝气河段内溶解氧(DO)水平的提升,水质虽不断改善,但改善幅度逐渐减小;全年不同月份曝气效果差异显著,5~9月曝气效果较好.结合经济投入和环境效益,最终确定夏季提升DO水平达到4 mg·L-1为河道曝气最优条件.     

SPG膜表面润湿性对膜污染和化学耐受性的影响

SPG膜微气泡曝气系统可应用于废水好氧处理,SPG膜污染以及其对化学清洗的耐受性是影响其应用的重要因素.本研究在采用在线化学清洗的微气泡曝气生物膜反应器中,考察了SPG膜表面性质对膜污染及化学耐受性的影响.结果表明,在长期运行过程中,SPG膜表面润湿性对膜污染和化学耐受性具有明显影响.膜表面污染层主要是有机污染,而疏水性膜抗有机污染能力较强.使用在线化学清洗时,碱性次氯酸钠溶液对亲水性膜腐蚀严重,膜孔径和孔隙率显著增大.疏水性膜抗碱性次氯酸钠溶液化学腐蚀能力较强,膜孔结构仅有轻微改变,但是疏水性膜表面疏水官能团易被氧化,使得膜表面润湿性下降.同时,疏水性膜在氧传质、污染物去除和降低能耗等方面具有优势.因此,疏水性SPG膜适用于微气泡曝气废水好氧生物处理.     

连续/间歇曝气MBBR-亚硝化工艺性能及N2O释放特性

采用移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）,利用载体固定化氨氧化菌（AOB）,分别以连续曝气和间歇曝气方式长期平行运行两套MBBR亚硝化反应器（RC和RI反应器）,分析对比不同曝气方式下亚硝化工艺性能和强温室气体（N₂O和NO）释放特性.结果表明：两种曝气方式均能实现亚硝化工艺,但RI出水NO₂^--N平均浓度较RC高20%左右,且出水NO₂^--N和NO₃^--N浓度波动性更小,因此间歇曝气条件下具有更好的亚硝化效果,更易形成稳定的亚硝化体系.在线测定两种体系N₂O和NO释放特性可知,RC比RI减少NO释放量约87.3%,增加N₂O释放量约57.5%.16S rDNA高通量测序结果表明,Nitrosomonas为AOB主要菌属,相对丰度最高分别为8%和10.06%,最低分别为2.19%和2.26%.间歇曝气方式下反应器可获得更高的AOB相对丰度.     

UNITANK工艺降低污泥产率操作的可行性研究

随着改善环境的需求和污水处理行业的发展,污水处理产生的污泥的处置已经成为行业急待解决的问题,无论何种方式的污泥处置都极大地增加了企业的运营成本.针对UNITANK工艺分析了工艺运行的操作特点,并根据SBR反应器中进水与曝气方式对活性污泥产率的影响这一实验结论,论述了UNITANK工艺降低污泥产率操作的可行性.通过对UNITANK工艺进水和曝气阶段操作模式的选择确定工艺操作参数,并对生产采取过程控制,降低污泥产率这一目标是可以达到的.     

Effectiveness of aerobic pretreatment of municipal solid waste for accelerating biogas generation during simulated landfilling

Effect of aerobic pretreatment of MSW on landfill gas generation was investigated. Volatile solid (VS) loss of MSW is an effective and comparable indicator. Chinese MSW requires at least a reduction of VS about 27% (w/w) prior to disposal. Aerobic pretreatment of MSW reduced lag phase more than 90% before methanogenesis. Aerobic pretreatment degree influences quantity of gas generation. This study evaluates the effectiveness of aerobic pretreatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) on reducing lag phase and accelerating biogas generation. Aerobic pretreatment degree (APD) was determined on the basis of reduction in volatile solids (VS) on a wet weight basis. In this study, intermittent aeration (IA) was applied to three reactors as a main aeration mode; since a single reactor was operated under continuous aeration mode. However, the purpose of the experiment was to reduce VS content of waste, irrespective of the comparison between aeration modes. Fresh MSW was first pretreated aerobically with different aeration rates (10, 40, 60 and 85 L/min/m³) for the period of 30–50 days, resulting in VS-loss equivalent to 20%, 27%, 38% and 53% on w/w basis for the wastes A1, A2, A3 and A4, respectively. The cumulative biogas production, calculated based on the modified Gompertz model were 384, 195, 353, 215, and 114 L/kg VS for the wastes A0, A1, A2, A3 and A4, respectively. Untreated waste (A0) showed a long lag phase; whereas the lag phases of pretreated MSW were reduced by more than 90%. Aerobically pretreated wastes reached stable methanogenic phase within 41 days compared to 418 days for untreated waste. The waste mass decreased by about 8% to 27% compared to untreated MSW, indicative that even more MSW could be placed in the same landfill. The study confirmed the effectiveness of aerobic pretreatment of MSW prior to landfilling on reducing lag phase and accelerating biogas generation.     

部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化协同反硝化处理生活污水脱氮除碳

采用SBR-ASBR组合工艺处理实际生活污水,SBR中考察缺氧/好氧时间比及温度对部分亚硝化（partial nitritation,PN）的作用,ASBR中研究COD/NO₂^--N（C/N）对厌氧氨氧化（anaerobic ammonium oxidation,ANAMMOX）协同反硝化脱氮除碳的影响.①控制温度为25℃,在缺氧/好氧时间比为30 min：30 min,单周期交替3次时,NO₂^--N积累率（NiAR）于第22 d为98.06%,比亚硝态氮产生速率（SNiPR,以N/VSS计）为0.28g·（g·d）^-1,同步硝化反硝化去除的TN和COD分别为12.29 mg·L^-1和110.36mg·L^-1.②在缺氧/好氧时间比为30 min：30 min下,温度为15℃时,丝状菌大量繁殖,污泥活性和沉降性变差;温度为30℃时,NH₄⁺-N转化为NO₂^--N比例为86.83%,造成出水NH₄⁺-N浓度过低,不能为厌氧氨氧化提供合适基质浓度;温度为25℃时,出水NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N浓度分别为31.58 mg·L^-1和35.04mg·L^-1,匹配厌氧氨氧化基质比.③组合工艺脱氮性能良好,出水TN、NH₄⁺-N和COD浓度分别稳定在13.13、4.83和69.96mg·L^-1,去除率分别为83.10%、93.64%和75.11%.调节ASBR进水C/N为2.5、2.0和1.5时,C/N为2.0时厌氧氨氧化协同反硝化脱氮除碳性能最佳,出水NH₄⁺-N、NO₂^--N、NO₃^--N和COD分别为0.09、0.25、1.04和32.73mg·L^-1.