Screening 31 endocrine-disrupting pesticides in water and surface sediment samples from Beijing Guanting reservoir

For screening 31 potential or suspected endocrine-disrupting pesticides in water and surface sediments, a multiresidue analysis method based on gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD) was developed. Solid phase extraction (SPE) technology with Oasis^® HLB cartridge was also applied in sample extraction. The relevant mean recoveries were 70–103% and 71–103% for water and sediment, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSD) are 2.0–7.0%, 4.0–8.0% for water and sediment, respectively. Thirty one pesticides (-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), aldrin, heptachlor, endosulfan I & II, p,p′-DDD, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, endrin aldehyde, endosulfan sulphate, methoxychlor, hepachlor epoxide, -chlordane, γ-chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, dicofol, acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor, chlorpyriphos, nitrofen, trifluralin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin) in water and surface sediment samples from Beijing Guanting reservoir were analyzed. Concentrations of pesticides ranged from 7.59 to 36.0 ng g⁻¹ on a dry wt. basis for sediment samples, from 279.3 to 2740 ng l⁻¹ for pore waters and from 48.8 to 890 ng l⁻¹ for water samples, respectively, with a mean concentration of 10.7 ng g⁻¹ in sediment, 735 ng l⁻¹ in pore water and 295 ng l⁻¹ in water, respectively. The data obtained provides information on the levels and sources of endocrine-disrupting pesticides in Guanting reservoir. These results underscore the need to improved environmental protection measures in order to reduce the exposure of the population and aquatic biota to these endocrine-disrupting compounds.     

环境矿物材料在微污染水处理中的应用前景

自来水厂传统工艺对水中微量有机物没有明显的去除效果，常规净化工艺也很难去除重金属离子和氨氮等涪染物。环境矿物材料具有来源广泛和良好的使用性能、无生态副作用等特点，对微污染水具有较好的处理效果。本文论述了沸石和磷灰石对污染物的去除机理，探讨了基于环境矿物材料的人工快滤系统在净化微污染水中的应用前景。     

城市模化垃圾焚烧烟气中二氧化硫的生态特性

对模化广州市城市生活垃圾进行焚烧处理 ,从燃烧温度、炉内停留时间、过量空气系数以及垃圾尺寸等方面研究了 SO2 的生成特性和控制条件。     

Concentrations and chemical forms of potentially toxic metals in road-deposited sediments from different zones of Hangzhou, China

The 25 road-deposited sediments were collected from five different land-use zones (industrial, residential, commercial, park, and countryside) in Hangzhou, China. The concentrations of metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in these samples were determined using the ICP-AES after digestion with the mixture of HNO3-HF-HCl (aqua regia), and chemically fractionated using the modified BCR (the European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure. The highest metal concentration level was detected in the sample from industrial zone and commercial zone having heavy traffic. While the lowest metal level was noted in the street dust sample from residential zone, park, and countryside zone. The mobility sequence based on the sum of the BCR sequential extraction stages was: Zn (80.28%), Pb (78.68%), Cd (77.66%) ＞ Cu (73.34%) ＞ Mn (67.92%) ＞ Co (41.66%) ＞ Ni (30.36%) ＞ Cr (21.56%), Fe (20.86%). Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were applied to the data matrix to evaluate the analytical results and to identify the possible pollution sources of metals. Factor analysis showed that these areas were mainly contaminated by three sources, namely lithology, traffic, and industry.     

中国水环境非点源污染负荷的估算研究

中国已占水环境容量中,除了点源污染以外,非点源污染也占有相当比重,非点源污染负荷的定量化研究势在必行.国外对非点源污染的研究开始较早,成果也较成熟.从20世纪80年代以来,中国也逐渐认识到非点源污染的存在及其危害性,开始了非点源污染的控制研究.但是中国对非点源污染问题的研究现在尚处于初级阶段,多为借鉴国外模型.文章分析了国内外对非点源污染的研究方法和研究现状,介绍了适合中国国情的非点源污染负荷估算的方法,包括流域水文估算法、大尺度区域中非点源污染负荷估算的方法.     

漆酶的逆胶束萃取条件优化的研究

研究了生物表面活性剂逆胶束体系萃取纯化漆酶的后萃的过程.在此逆胶束体系中,表面活性剂采用一种阴离子生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂(rhamnolipid, RL),溶剂采用异辛烷.分别考察了4种不同离子种类(NaCl, NaBr, KCl和KBr)与不同浓度、4种不同助溶剂种类(正丁醇,正己醇,正庚醇及正辛醇)与不同比例、乙醇的含量以及温度对漆酶的后萃过程的影响.结果表明,0.25mol/L KCl或0.20mol/L KBr能够得到较好的萃取效果;在四种助溶剂中,正己醇(比例为0.5)和正庚醇(比例为0.5)效果比较好;乙醇加入量为9%效果最优;最适宜温度为35℃.在上述条件下,漆酶的酶活回收率和纯化倍数分别高达90%,4.7倍.电泳分析结果进一步证实了漆酶的纯化效果较好.研究证明鼠李糖脂逆胶束萃取酶类具有广阔的应用前景.     

乌海市污染源在线监控系统应用现状及对策研究

本文结合乌海市污染源在线监控系统的日常管理工作实践,分析总结了乌海市污染源在线监控系统的安装、运行管理现状及存在的问题与不足并提出了相应的对策及建议。     

双城市固体废物处理处置与无害化、资源化研究

介绍了双城市垃圾污染现状,并针对小城镇发展与固体废物处理处置之间的矛盾,提出了相应的城市垃圾处理处置及无害化、资源化对策.      

工业企业厂界环境噪声监测中的问题探讨

《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》(GB12348-2008)自2008年10月1日起正式实施。本文主要通过一些工业企业厂界噪声监测的实例,探讨了在该标准实施过程中遇到的问题,并提出了解决有关争议问题的改进方法和建议。     

Evaluation of soil washing process with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl chitosan for recovery of PAHs/heavy metals/fluorine from metallurgic plant site

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)/heavy metals/fluorine(F) mixed-contaminated sites caused by abandoned metallurgic plants are receiving wide attention. To address the associated environmental problems,this study was initiated to investigate the feasibility of using carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin(CMCD) and carboxymethyl chitosan(CMC) solution to enhance ex situ soil washing for extracting mixed contaminants. Further,Tenax extraction method was combined with a first-three-compartment model to evaluate the environmental risk of residual PAHs in washed soil. In addition,the redistribution of heavy metals/F after decontamination was also estimated using a sequential extraction procedure. Three successive washing cycles using50 g/L CMCD and 5 g/L CMC solution were effective to remove 94.3% of total PAHs,93.2% of Pb,85.8% of Cd,93.4% of Cr,83.2% of Ni and 97.3% of F simultaneously. After the 3rd washing,the residual PAHs mainly existed as very slowly desorbing fractions,which were in the form of well-aged,well-sequestered compounds; while the remaining Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni and F mainly existed as Fe–Mn oxide and residual fractions,which were always present in stable mineral forms or bound to non-labile soil fractions. Therefore,this combined cleanup strategy proved to be effective and environmentally friendly.