Mercury remediation potential of a mercury resistant strain Sphingopyxis sp. SE2 isolated from contaminated soil

A mercury resistant bacterial strain SE2 was isolated from contaminated soil.The 16 s rRNA gene sequencing confirms the strain as Sphingopyxis belongs to the Sphingomonadaceae family of the α-Proteobacteria group.The isolate showed high resistance to mercury with estimated concentrations of Hg that caused 50%reduction in growth(EC_(50)) of 5.97 and 6.22 mg/L and minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of 32.19 and 34.95 mg/L in minimal and rich media,respectively.The qualitative detection of volatilized mercury and the presence of mercuric reductase enzyme proved that the strain SE2 can potentially remediate mercury.ICP-QQQ-MS analysis of the remaining mercury in experimental broths indicated that a maximum of 44%mercury was volatilized within 6 hr by live SE2 culture.Furthermore a small quantity(23%) of mercury was accumulated in live cell pellets.While no volatilization was caused by dead cells,sorption of mercury was confirmed.The mercuric reductase gene merA was amplified and sequenced.Homology was observed among the amino acid sequences of mercuric reductase enzyme of different organisms from a-Proteobacteria and ascomycota groups,     

纤铁矿微生物异化还原过程的动力学特征及其影响因素

基于脱色希瓦氏菌(Shewanella decolorationis S12)和纤铁矿相互作用的现象,探讨了电子供体、纤铁矿浓度及氧化还原中介体2-磺酸钠蒽醌(AQS)对其相互作用的影响.结果表明,AQS的加入使纤铁矿的微生物还原程度得到加强.反应末期,乳酸钠浓度为20mmol.L-1时,在添加AQS的10.0mmol.L-1的纤铁矿体系中,被还原解离出的Fe(Ⅱ)浓度是无AQS体系中的180.2%.纤铁矿的归一化还原速率表明,当电子供体浓度一定时,随着纤铁矿浓度的增加,纤铁矿的还原酶促反应显著减弱.米氏拟合方程表明,以不同浓度的纤铁矿为底物时,S12菌-纤铁矿相互作用过程的拟合校正R2系数分别为0.8285(添加AQS)和0.9348(未添加AQS),电子转移载体的存在及底物类型的不同均对底物饱和时的反应速度(Vmax)和米氏常数(Km)值均有一定程度的影响.在微生物还原纤铁矿过程中,氧化还原中介体AQS使得其还原程度加剧,用于ATP合成所需能量ΔE值也随之升高,S12菌和纤铁矿的还原反应达到平衡时,Gibbs自由能变化(ΔGr)达最大值.     

异化Mn(IV)还原菌激活及其对有机药物去除

以嘉陵江沉积物为菌源,利用荧光绝对定量（qPCR）技术探究了不同碳源（葡萄糖和乙酸钠）和不同形态的锰氧化物（δ-MnO₂和锰矿粉）对异化Mn（IV）还原菌激活效果的影响.在此基础上,研究了激活效果最佳的异化Mn（IV）还原菌对卡马西平、布洛芬、萘普生、雌激素和双氯芬酸5种有机药物的去除效果.结果表明,葡萄糖作为碳源,δ-MnO₂作为电子受体时激活效果最佳,Mn²⁺10d累计生成浓度达416.03mg/L,TOC消耗率达88.24%.激活后的异化金属还原菌在有无外加碳源时对卡马西平和布洛芬均无明显去除,对萘普生在外加碳源时能实现11.88%的去除.雌二醇和双氯芬酸可以作为异化Mn（IV）还原菌唯一碳源,其去除率可达75.70%和58.25%.     

Effect of inhibitors on macroscopical oxidation kinetics of calcium sulfite

In the presence of inhibitors, the macroscopical oxidation kinetics of calcium sulfite, the main byproduct in wet limestone scrubbing, was studied for the first time by adding different inhibitors and varying pH, concentration of calcium sulfite, oxygen partial pressure, concentration of inhibitors and temperature. The mathematical model about the general oxidation reaction was established,which was controlled by three steps involving dissolution of calcium sulfite, mass transfer of oxygen and chemical reaction in the solution.It was concluded that the general reaction was controlled by mass transfer of oxygen under uncatalyzed conditions, while it was controlled by dissolution of calcium sulfite after adding three kinds of inhibitors. Thus, the theory was provided for investigating the mechanism and oxidation kinetics of sulfite. The beneficial references were also supplied for design of oxidation technics in the wet limestone scrubbing.     

焦性没食子酸稳定亚硫酸盐的制备及其防腐蚀性能

通过除氧试验、腐蚀试验和电化学试验，研究了焦性没食子酸在亚硫酸盐防腐蚀中的作用。结果表明，焦性没食子酸使亚硫酸盐几乎失去除氧作用，但却提高了亚硫酸盐在含氧水中对２０ｇ钢的防腐蚀性能，使钢的自腐蚀电位更剧烈负移并使阴极极化增加。试验结果用公认的除氧机理无法解释，但为外加还原性气氛机理提供了有力证据，同时为增强亚硫酸盐的防腐蚀效果和解决其贮存失效问题提供了可行的方法     

Prenatal determination of dihydropteridine reductase in a normal fetus at risk for malignant hyperphenylalaninemia

Assay of dihydropteridine reductase in amniotic cells from a fetus at risk for malignant hyperphenylalaninemia is described. A normal result was obtained, this was confirmed after delivery. On two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the enzyme from amniotic cells showed the same mobility as the mature liver reductase.     

Prenatal diagnosis of DHPR deficiency by direct detection of mutation

Prenatal diagnosis was requested by a family carrying a 3 base-pair insertion in the dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) coding region. A chorionic villus sample was obtained and fetal DNA was isolated directly from this. Diagnosis was performed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique, with a simple electrophoretic assay for the insertion. The fetus was found to be heterozygous for the insertion. This is the first time that prenatal diagnosis of DHPR deficiency has been performed by direct detection of the mutation.     

稻田硝酸盐异化还原成铵细菌群落结构的垂向分布特性

硝酸盐异化还原成铵（Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium，DNRA）过程，可将土壤中的NO₃^-/NO₂^-还原成NH₄⁺-N以被作物吸收利用，有助于土壤中氮素的保存.选择位于广东韶关市和吉林安图县的两块稻田为研究对象，通过分子生物学方法和高通量测序技术，深入探究了两种稻田土壤（0~1 m）中DNRA细菌丰度和群落结构的垂向分布特性.结果显示：两种稻田土壤中DNRA细菌更多的存在于表层土壤（0~20 cm）中，丰度最低值均出现在深层土壤（90~100 cm）中，且表层样品群落结构的多样性大于深层样品；两个稻田样品间的群落结构体现出明显的空间异质性，安图稻田样品DNRA细菌的丰度和群落结构多样性均大于韶关稻田样品；其中，相对丰度较高的Anaeromyxobacter（28.67%）、Caldimicrobium（19.49%）、Nitrospira（10.90%）和Chthoniobacter（9.15%）是两个稻田中DNRA细菌群落组成中的关键菌属.相关性分析表明，总硫（TS）、有机质（TOM）、含水率（MC）、碳氮比（C/N）与DNRA细菌丰度之间均有显著正相关性（p<0.01，n=20），偏碱性、有机质丰富、氮源缺乏、碳源丰富且C/N较高的环境及适宜的含水率是稻田垂向生态系统中DNRA细菌适宜的生存环境.     

SO2衍生物对小鼠脾、胃组织蛋白质的氧化损伤

用腹腔注射的方法对实验小鼠进行SO2衍生物(亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠,分子比为31)染毒,染毒剂量分别为0,0.025,0.100, 0.400g/(kg·d),共染毒5d.研究了SO2衍生物对小鼠脾、胃蛋白质的氧化损伤作用并探讨其分子作用机制.结果表明,经SO2衍生物处理,可以使小鼠脾、胃蛋白质的羰基含量增大,且染毒剂量与蛋白质的羰基含量之间呈现直线相关关系,相关系数分别为0.899和0.855(P=0.05).蛋白质羰基含量增大表现为脾＞胃.说明SO2衍生物可使小鼠脾、胃组织蛋白质产生氧化损伤,氧化损伤的程度大小因组织而异.     

二氧化硫衍生物对大鼠离体主动脉血管环的舒张作用

研究了不同浓度SO2体内衍生物(亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠混合液)对离体大鼠胸主动脉血管环等长张力的影响一结果表明：①SO2体内衍生物在以去甲肾上腺素(NE)、氯化钾(KCl)颁收缩时对血管均有显著舒张作用，并呈明确的剂量效应关系；②该衍生物在NE预收缩后的舒张作用比KCl预收缩后的作用显著；③左旋硝基精氨酸(L-NNA)、亚甲蓝、普萘洛尔对舒张效应无明显影响；④吲哚美辛可部分地消除该衍生物的舒张效应．总之，SO2体内衍生物具舒张血管作用，此作用不经一氧化氮(NO)介导，而部分地与前列环素(PGI2)有关．图2表1参12。