面向粮食产量空间化的多元回归分析模型中的两个关键问题探讨

为比较不同区域尺度变量对模型拟合效果的影响,在全国不分区和分区两种情况下,分别基于县级和地市级两个区域尺度上的样本构建粮食产量与水田、水浇地、旱地面积之间的多元线性回归模型,结果显示,用地市级数据作分析样本比用县级数据作分析样本好,分区建模比不分区建模效果好。因此,将全国划分为7个区,以地市级数据作为区域尺度的变量,在区域、栅格、亚栅格三个尺度上探讨变量（因变量、自变量）尺度和常数项取值这两个因素对模型应用的影响。得到以下结论：1）基于区域尺度样本构建的多元回归模型,如果常数项不为0,则不能用于空间化计算;如果常数项为0,则可以用于空间化计算;2）基于栅格尺度样本构建的多元回归模型,不论常数项是否为0,均可应用于空间化计算;3）基于亚栅格尺度样本构建的多元回归模型,不论其常数项是否为0,也均可用于空间化计算,但需要将计算结果乘以一个系数,该系数等于栅格单元面积与亚栅格单元面积的比值。上述结论对其他类型的统计数据空间化具有指导和参考价值。     

跨湖桥独木舟遗址区地下水渗流场模拟研究

独木舟遗址位于浙江省萧山区,是浙江省迄今为止发现最早的新石器时代文化遗存。现场踏勘发现,破坏遗址原址保护主要环境地质病害是水的问题。通过对该遗址区水文地质条件的分析,建立了遗址区水文地质概念模型和数学模型;运用地下水数值模拟软件Modflow模拟遗址区原始地下水分布;将模拟区地形图与模型模拟结果进行比较,发现它们具极大的相似性,这说明模拟的结果是符合实际情况的。     

Polarographic investigations on the complexation of cadmium and zinc by thiol peptides

Complex formation of Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ with thiol derivatives has been investigated by differential pulse polarography. The binding of Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ with cysteine (CySH), glutathione (GSH) and the model peptide N‐acetyl‐cysteine‐methylamide (ASH) reveals different stoichiometry. Thus, Cd²⁺ forms 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with CySH while 1:2 and 1:4 complexes have been observed with GSH and ASH, respectively. Overall formation constants of Cd²⁺ with CySH (Iogβ ₂ 15.3) and with GSH (Iogβ5₂ 14.4) have been estimated using competitive complexation with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). Investigation of competition between Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ for the thiol complexation has underlined the role played by the amino group in CySH for the stabilization of Zn complexes in contrary to Cd complexes.     

Ecological state equation

The direct equivalence between ecology and thermodynamics has not been attained despite accepted thermodynamic features of the ecosystem. This article explores the homeomorphism between ecology and statistical mechanics by analysis of ruderal vegetation. In conventional thermostatistical algorithm, the pro-kinetic effect of temperature on molecules was replaced by the anti-kinetic effect of species diversity on biological individuals. The existence of an ecological equivalent of the thermodynamic Boltzmann constant was empirically verified. From the relationship of this constant with biocenological variables, we derived a probable ecological equation of state under stationary and quasi-stationary conditions. This equation of state is homeomorphic with regard to the ideal gas state equation, and it is useful to infer the value of some biocenological parameters whose direct measurement is difficult, as biomass, energy and dispersal. According to these results, ecosystem assessment from conventional thermostatistics is plausible and empirically verifiable. This approach offers useful analytical tools for the conservation and restoration of ecosystems.     

Experimental Verification of the Computerized Method for Work Space Optimization in Conditions of Static Work

The aim of this study was to verify a theoretical model for upper extremity work space optimization. In order to do that, experimental studies were conducted in which two parameters of the electromyography (EMG) signal were analyzed: AMP (amplitude calculated as Root Mean Square) and SZC (coefficient of the slope of the regression line between time and Zero Crossing values). Values of forces in muscles (parameter MOD) were calculated from theoretical studies. A comparison of experimental (AMP, SZC) and theoretical (MOD) parameters was performed by analyzing the coefficient of correlation between those parameters and differentiation of muscular load according to external load value. Analysis showed that the theoretical and experimental results are in step, which means that the developed model can be used for upper extremity work space optimization.     

蜈蚣草根部对As（Ⅲ）的吸收特性

采用水培实验对蜈蚣草吸收As（Ⅲ）的吸收特性进行了研究,结果表明在各个处理浓度范围内,培养液中As（Ⅲ）的吸收效率随着时间递增.当处理浓度为10 mg·L-1时,24 h后蜈蚣草对As（Ⅲ）的吸收高达97.57%,而在处理浓度为500 mg·L^-1和1000 mg·L^-1时,蜈蚣草对As（Ⅲ）的吸收比例明显降低,吸...     

二硫代羧基化羟甲基聚丙烯酰胺与Cu2+的螯合稳定性

以聚丙烯酰胺、甲醛、氢氧化钠、二硫化碳为原料制备了重金属螯合絮凝剂二硫代羧基化羟甲基聚丙烯酰胺（DTMPAM）,采用紫外分光光度法测定了DTMPAM与Cu²⁺形成的螯合物在不同Cu²⁺浓度、二硫代羧基（—CSS^-）浓度、不同pH值下的紫外吸收光谱,确定了螯合物的配位比,考察了螯合物DTMPAM-Cu在不同pH值、不同—CSS^-浓度下的稳定性,并计算了其稳定常数.结果表明,DTMPAM在207和226nm处出现最大吸收峰,而螯合物DTMPAM-Cu分别在220和260nm处出现最大吸收峰,最大吸收峰发生红移.在不同的—CSS^-（3.0×10^-5~6.0×10^-5mol/L）浓度和pH值（3.0~9.0）下,DTMPAM中的—CSS^-与Cu²⁺的螯合比均为2：1;当—CSS^-浓度为3.0×10^-5~6.0×10^-5mol/L时,DTMPAM-Cu的螯合稳定常数对数值lgβ₂在10.5725~11.4473之间,随着—CSS^-浓度增大,螯合稳定常数略有减小.不同pH值下,DTMPAM-Cu的螯合稳定常数各不相同,当体系pH值为3.0~5.0时,随着pH值的升高,DTMPAM-Cu的稳定常数逐渐升高,当pH值为6.0~9.0时,DTMPAM-Cu的稳定常数整体上略有所降低.     

饵料加标研究二甲苯麝香在鱼体内的蓄积和清除能力

二甲苯麝香(musk xylene,MX)是一种人造麝香,具有强烈的麝香气,可用作化妆品香精和皂用香精等的定香剂。由于其持续不断地输入环境,它们在水、土壤、大气中的浓度逐渐升高,并且在动物和人体组织中产生了蓄积,其蓄积效应相当于有机氯农药(organochlorine pesticides,OCPs)等持久性有机污染物,因而研究MX在鱼体内的蓄积特征是十分必要的。本文用含浓度为50 mg·kg-1和100 mg·kg-1的MX的饵料投喂斑马鱼(Danio rerio)和稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)14 d,继而进入为期28 d的清除实验。通过快速溶剂萃取(accelerated solvent extraction,ASE)、凝胶渗透色谱(gel permeation chromatography,GPC)、气相色谱-质谱联用法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)测定斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫体内MX的浓度,继而评估鱼对MX的清除能力。结果表明,饵料中MX浓度越高,鱼体内MX的蓄积水平越高,100 mg·kg-1浓度组的蓄积水平为50 mg·kg-1浓度组的蓄积水平的2~3倍。在整个试验阶段的不同时间点分析鱼的体重和脂肪与鱼体内MX浓度的关系,数据显示,MX在鱼体内的蓄积水平与鱼的体重存在正线性关系,而与鱼体内脂肪含量的关系还有待进一步研究。经28 d的清除,鱼体内的MX残留量接近于零,说明斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫对MX的清除能力较强。     

定水头条件下淄河滩陈化残油淋溶释放试验

淄河滩陈化油污土层是引起大武水源地东部地区地下水污染的主要污染源之一.通过对油污土层采取原状土柱样,在室内进行了模拟淄河滩地存在不同厚度表流时的残油淋溶释放试验.结果表明,在设定的试验条件下,油污土层可淋出水量24.56610⁴m³、油量1185.1kg; 水层厚度对渗出水的油浓度影响不大,渗出油的多少主要决定于渗出水的数量;太河水库放水补源方式对残油释放量的影响不起决定性     

估算多氯联苯在鱼体内生物富集因子的分子连接性指数模型

根据 40个 PCB在鱼体内生物富集因子 ( BCF)的实测数据建立了分子连接性指数估算模型 .模型可决系数 0 .91 1 ,平均误差 0 .1 95个对数单位 .通过比较发现 ,对于单一类别化合物分子连接性指数模型比片段常数模型更精确 ,对分子整体结构特征的描述效率更高 ,但片段常数模型具有物理意义明确、变量选择及模型调整灵活的优点 .