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81.
GABRIELLA SUSZTER ÁRPÁD AMBRUS MARIANNA SCHWEIKERT TURCU PHILIPP MARTIN KLAUS 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):531-552
The efficiency of four sample processing methods was tested with eight different types of soils representing the major proportion of cultivated soils. The principle of sampling constant was applied for characterizing the efficiency of the procedures and testing the well-mixed status of the prepared soil. The test material was 14C-labeled atrazine that enabled keeping the random error of analyses ≤ about 1%. Adding water to the soil proved to be the most efficient and generally applicable procedure resulting in about 6% relative sample processing uncertainty for 20 g test portions. The expected error is inversely proportional to the mass of test portion. Smashing and manual mixing of soil resulted in about four times higher uncertainty than mixing with water. Grinding of soil is applicable for dry soils only, but the test procedure applied was not suitable for estimating a typical uncertainty of processing dry soil samples. Adding dry ice did not improve the efficiency of sample processing. 相似文献
82.
The octanol/water partition coefficients (P ow) of six monoisocyanate and five diisocyanate compounds were determined by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) methods. Two HPLC peaks, a broad tailed peak followed by a sharp one, were observed with all compounds. The later peak was identified as the isocyanate compound. The P ow value for each isocyanate compound was determined by fitting the capacity factor of the peak to the regression equation drawn from those of reference compounds. The hydrophobic substituent constants for the isocyanate group were calculated with each of the compounds. The value of this constant was strongly dependent on the type of carbon bound to the isocyanate group and the average values for the aromatic and aliphatic isocyanate groups were 0.35 and — 0.52, respectively. Because of the reactivity of those compounds in the aquatic environment, the P ow has little relevance to calculation of their environmental fate and ecotoxicity. 相似文献
83.
长江口邻近海域沉积物中生物硅溶解行为研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
对长江口邻近海域进行调查,分析沉积物中生物硅的空间分布特征,探讨影响生物硅溶解以及保存的因素.结果表明,生物硅含量的平面分布具有近岸高于远海的分布趋势,陆源输入、沉积速率以及水动力条件是影响生物硅在沉积物中埋藏的主要因素.生物硅溶解速率常数随空间以及深度无明显变化规律,间隙水中硅酸盐相对于生物硅溶解度的不饱和程度、有机外壳对生物硅的包裹以及间隙水中Al离子浓度等因素会影响生物硅的溶解进而会影响其在沉积物中的保存和间隙水中硅酸盐浓度的变化. 相似文献
84.
Hironobu Sugiyama 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1996,32(3):491-497
ABSTRACT: It is important to extract and assess low flow recession characteristics for water resources planning in the upper reaches of streams. However, it is very difficult to express synthetically the low flow recession characteristics for a stream flow. In this paper, first a new method of constructing the master recession curve based on the exponential expression is proposed and applied with the restriction that there are no regulation or diversion structures in the upper reaches above the measurement station. Daily precipitation and stream flow were used for the analysis. Second, analysis for a recession constant was conducted and the relationship between the recession constant and low flow and/or geology was qualitatively examined. In conclusion, the application of the proposed method indicated that it is objective and useful for constructing the master recession curve. It became apparent that the recession constant of a master recession curve may be defined as the total index of low flow characteristics. In addition, it was found that baseflow value increases in the order of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Tertiary, and Quaternary. 相似文献
85.
86.
通过对桡足类动物红纺锤水蚤(Acartia erythraea)分别在Cu2 、Ag 、Cu2 Ag 混合溶液中的暴露实验,测定了其对Cu2 、Ag 的吸收速率常数、排出速率常数,并对Cu2 和Ag 在动物体内的分布状况进行了分析.结果表明,在单金属暴露的条件下,红纺锤水蚤对Cu2 、Ag 的吸收速度分别为1.09×104L·g-1·d-1、3.31×104L·g-1·d-1,排出速率常数分别为0.096 d-1、0.1056 d-1.而在Cu2 Ag 的混合暴露体系中,红纺锤水蚤对Cu2 、Ag 的吸收速率分别下降到9.17×103 L·g-1·d-1、2.87×104L·g-1-d-1,Cu2 和Ag 的排出速度常数则分别降到0.084 d-1和0.1008 d-1.动态模型的模拟结果表明,Cu2 和Ag 存在一定程度的拮抗作用.与暴露在单金属溶液中的红纺锤水蚤相比较,在暴露于Cu2 、Ag 混合体系中动物体内的非极性部分所占的比重明显增加,说明其在食物链中对于上一营养级的生物有效性将明显增加. 相似文献
87.
LIU Chun-jiang Hannu Ilvesniemi Werner Kutsch MA Xiang-qing Carl J. Westman Pekka Kauppi 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2004,16(1):86-89
IntroductionCarboncirculatesbetweentheatmosphere ,biosphere ,oceansandthelithosphere(Warneck ,1988) .Thecarbonfluxesbetweenthesereservoirs,suchasburningoffuels ,photosynthesisandrespirationofecosystems,andtheuptakeoftheocean ,havebeenestimatedquantitative… 相似文献
88.
89.
烟尘滤筒称重方法的改进 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
针对在烟尘测试中滤筒的称重存在天平显示不稳、恒重难的现象进行了探讨。比较了2种称量方法,提出在平衡室中冷却、称量滤筒,并采用标准滤筒来减小由于称重条件不同而产生的系统误差。结果表明,改进方法具有称量稳定、易恒重、失重少的优势。 相似文献
90.
饮用水中三氯甲烷亨利常数的测定 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
推导了改变气液相比静态顶空气相色谱法测定挥发性有机污染物亨利常数的理论关系式,根据顶空气相色谱峰面积倒数与气液相比之间的线性关系测定了不同温度下的氯仿亨利常数值,从热力学定律出发,提出了在22-100℃范围内,温度对亨利常数影响的数学关系式;1nK=A B/T ClnT,对实验值的拟合系数为0.999。预测100℃时氯仿的亨利常数值是1.359。与实验值比较,相对误差为2.89%,比经典的范特菏夫方程1nK=A B/T的预测精度提高了近10%。 相似文献