矿井外因火灾计算机控制及有待解决的若干问题

针对矿井外因火灾,评价了计算机技术在矿井火灾防治应用中的研究现状,阐述了发展矿井火灾计算机控制技术的重要意义及其应用前景。同时,指出了进一步发展矿井火灾计算机控制技术中有待解决的问题     

中国近五百年流域性洪涝统计特征研究

本文以《中国近五百年旱涝分布图集》为基础，并将资料适当延长，提出了流域性洪涝及其指标。在此基础上，初步分析了我国主要流域单元近５００年（１４７０￣１９９１年）和各世纪流域性洪涝事件发生折频次和持续性，并分析了南方、北方和全区域主要流域单元不同等级流域性洪涝空间遭遇的可能性。     

长江中游致洪暴雨天气气候特征

本文从建国以来长江中游地区发生的所有暴雨事件中选出四个典型年，并从这些典型年的暴雨个例中得出暴雨和大暴雨和大暴雨的分布范围和暴雨特征，由此而造成的特大洪水情况，以及洪涝灾害对国民经济的影响。最后应用天气归纳方法分析了暴雨的大尺度环流背景。     

A COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ESTIMATING MEAN WATERSHED SLOPE1

ABSTRACT: Ten topographic analysis methods were employed to estimate watershed mean slopes for 13 small forested watersheds (32 to 131 mi²) in East Texas. Of the ten methods employed, the mean slope curve is the most accurate but also the most tedious and laborious one. The method can be simplified by measuring only the lengths of five contours and the areas between these contours within the watershed with little loss of its accuracy. Watershed slopes estimated by the contour length method, the grid contour method, the systematic slope sampling method, and the simplified contour length method are satisfactory for general purposes and relatively simple. The watershed circumference-stream length method, the length-width axis method, the Justin method, and the regression plane method are not suitable for estimating watershed slopes in East Texas without modification.     

Environmental gradients in northwest freshwater wetlands

Wetland environmental characteristics are examined to determine their spatial and temporal relationships. Two very different Oregon freshwater wetlands provided a range of wetland types. Results are evaluated to determine the possible use of environmental characteristics in defining wetlands and their boundaries. Representative physical, hydrological, and edaphic properties were periodically measured in microplots along upland/wetland transects. A multivariate approach is stressed in the data analysis; correlation, cluster analysis, and principal components analyses were used. The results indicate the environmental characteristics change in a quantifiable manner both spatially and temporally. The controlling mechanism is moisture, spatially in terms of the upland/wetland transect and temporally with respect to seasonal response. These changes do not correlate well with vegetation. Several hypotheses are offered as an explanation. Correlation within environmental characteristics is variable but definite patterns are discernible. These data suggest both single and combinations of environmental characteristics that could serve as keys in wetland identification and boundary determination. However, before extensive use is made of this information additional long-term monitoring of wetland environmental characteristics will be required.     

塔里木南缘孤立绿洲近50年气候变化特征分析

通过分析塔里木盆地孤立绿洲民丰县气温、降水2个气象要素的相关资料得出，从20世纪50年代至90年代，气温呈上升趋势，而夏秋两季降水量随温度上升而上升。从气象要素的历史变化和季节分布特征看，塔里木盆地的孤立绿洲整体环境状况仍处于比较差的阶段。此分析结论对合理利用本地气候资源具有实际意义，并且能够为研究干旱区气候变化提供一定的帮助。     

乌鲁木齐市大气TSP中苯并（a）芘及碳质成分的测定与变化规律的研究

报导了乌鲁木齐市两年内大气TSP中苯并(a)芘及碳质成分含量的分析结果、污染程度及变化规律,为乌鲁木齐城市环境综合整治定量考核,加强环境管理,进一步防治大气污染提供了科学依据.     

一株有脱硫性能细菌的分离与特性研究

报道了从含硫土壤中分离到的一株无机化能自养型的脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus denitrificans)菌株L_1。该菌细胞呈球杆状,0.3～0.5μm×1.0～1.5μm,单根极生鞭毛运动,革兰氏染色阴性。可利用硫代硫酸盐、硫酸盐作为能源,在细胞内、外储存硫粒,在好气或厌气条件下能以硝酸盐为氮源,最适生长pH6.0。在约1％接种量时,该菌7d可使硫代硫酸盐和硫酸盐的脱硫率,分别达到34.37％和19.79％。     

江西金家坞金矿地质特征

通过地质大调查项目和资补费项目的地质工作,发现和评价了金家坞金矿。现有资料表明金家坞金矿具有大型以上规模的资源潜力。对初查、详查以及局部勘探工作中所获的地质资料作了归纳,对地质特征进行了探讨,旨在展开讨论并对在江西北部双桥山群中寻找同类矿床起到一定的指导作用。     

京津冀区域沙尘暴和群发性强沙尘暴特征分析

利用京津冀区域内102个气象站1954～2002年观测资料,分析了此区域沙尘暴和群发性强沙尘暴的变化特征.结果表明:京津冀区域绝大部分地区是沙尘暴主要影响区,冀北高原是此区域的易发区和多发区.沙尘暴发生时间具有明显的日变化特征和季节差异,沙尘暴呈现整体减少趋势,各分区变化趋势具有相似性,只是在减少幅度上略有不同.近50年此区域共出现了39例群发性强沙尘暴,冀北高原和定州、饶阳一带是此区域群发性强沙尘暴天气的多发区.多发季节为春季(3～5月),占全年总数的76.9%,尤以4月份最多,占全年总数的51.3%.群发性强沙尘暴年代际变化呈现总体减少趋势,其发生次数、覆盖面积均以90年代为最低值.