东海原甲藻的光周期效应研究

以东海原甲藻ProrocentrumdonghaienseLu为试验材料,设置了短光周期(A)和长光周期(B)两组试验:A组分光周期1、2、4、6、8、10和12h7个处理,B组分光周期12、14、16、18、20、22和23h7个处理,测定了东海原甲藻的细胞密度、叶绿素a含量、蛋白质含量、生物量和可溶性糖等指标。结果表明,在13个不同的光周期处理中,随着光周期的不断延长,东海原甲藻的细胞密度等一系列指标值均不断上升,各指标和光周期的长度呈现正相关的关系。结果表明东海原甲藻是一种喜长光照的赤潮藻类。     

岩溶地区土壤溶解有机碳的季节动态及环境效应

对桂林岩溶试验场土壤溶解有机碳(DOC)进行了逐月的观测，结果显示DOC是岩溶生态系统中活跃的有机碳组分，在岩溶地区碳循环中发挥着重要的作用。一年中土壤DOC的变化特征表现为3个阶段：(1)3-7月，随气温升高、降雨量增加，土壤生物活性和新陈代谢能力极大提高，土壤溶解有机碳呈升高趋势；(2)8-11月，气温保持较高的水平，但降雨量偏低，土壤干燥，土壤微生物活性极大地减弱，土壤DOC质量分数全年最低；(3)12月至次年2月，随温度的降低，土壤生物活性逐渐降低，土壤DOC呈缓慢升高趋势，且与土壤微生物量碳之间存在互为消长的关系。土壤碳酸盐岩的溶蚀速率季节变化与土壤DOC之间存在负相关。文章还提出了岩溶地区土壤碳循环模式及DOC在其中的作用。     

天然水体中有机酸当量浓度的确定方法

本文根据天然水体中溶解有机在碳与化学需氧量和生化需氧量之间的相关性，以及有机酸当量和水体溶解有机碳之间的近似定量关系，提出了由化学需氧量或生化需氧量得到溶解有机碳或总有机碳浓度，最终得到有机酸和有机酸根当量浓度的转换方法，为大区域天然水体有机酸碱缓冲作用的评估提供了一个实用的转换途径。     

可溶性有机物对土壤中主要有机污染物环境行为的影响

概括了环境中可溶性有机物的特点，并系统总结了当前国内外关于可溶性有机物对土壤中主要污染物环境行为的影响的研究进展。阐述了可溶性有机物对农药、多环芳烃在土壤中的吸附、解吸及分配等环境行为所起的作用。最后指出了该方面研究存在的问题及今后应加强的方向。     

Environmental Impacts of a Secondary Lead Smelter in Landskrona, Southern Sweden

Scandinavia has one secondary lead smelter that recycles lead from approximately 85% of used car batteries in Scandinavia and which has been active since the 1940s. The smelter, situated in Landskrona, has undergone a comprehensive clean up programme during the last decade, during which time production has doubled, while at the same time discharges of dust and lead to the atmosphere have decreased.Top and depth soil samples were taken on a 0.5km×0.5Km grid throughout the city of Landskrona, which covers an area of approximately 15km². Samples were analysed by ICPAES for a number of elements including Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, As, Sb and Hg. Road dust samples from selected sites were collected and similarly analysed. Blood samples were taken from 37 volunteer schoolchildren (aged 8–11) from two schools in Landskrona. House dust samples were taken from each child's home. Soil samples were taken from homes which had gardens, public and school play areas. Elevated heavy metal concentrations were found in close proximity to the secondary lead smelter, and this soil enrichment influences the whole of the town, modified to some extent by the prevailing wind. The smelter does not influence the soil lead concentration at distances greater than 3.5km, where the soil reflects the background value for the area.Road dust samples also show decreases in lead concentrations with distance from the smelter. The average level of lead in house dust was considerably lower than that found in Birmingham, UK. Blood lead levels in the child population ranged from 1.5–5.1gdl^–1, with a mean of 3.05gdl^–1, showing a distinct decrease from those measured in 1978–82. No significant difference in blood lead concentrations with distance of the home from the smelter, nor between attenders at the two schools was revealed in the limited number of children studied.     

加压溶气气浮设备理论溶气量的计算

本文通过对加压溶气过程的分析 ,建立了理想加压溶气过程模型 ,在此基础上推导出新的理论溶气量计算公式 ,并与现有的计算公式进行了比较。     

有机负荷和溶解氧的变化对SBR污泥膨胀的影响及控制方法

本文研究SBR工艺处理汽车电泳废水在不同有机负荷、溶解氧条件下污泥膨胀的现象 ,分析膨胀发生机理 ,分别提出控制方法。实验结果表明 ,在低、中、高负荷时 ,只要溶解氧发生变化 ,均有可能发生膨胀。低负荷、正常溶解氧时发生的膨胀可以通过前联好氧生物选择器加以控制 ;中负荷、低溶解氧及高负荷、低溶解氧活性污泥发生膨胀时可以通过强化曝气得到控制     

污水厂Carrousel氧化沟溶解氧和速度分布的研究

对长沙某污水处理厂的Carrousel氧化沟进行现场测试，获得不同截面的溶解氧和速度的数据，探讨了表曝机台数、沟深、沟的长宽比、进出水位置对溶解氧和速度的影响。初步掌握了该Carrousel氧化沟内溶解氧和速度的变化规律，认为通过调节倒伞形表面曝气机，可以在沟内不同区段创造好氧与缺氧的环境，为最终实现同步硝化反硝化的高效运行做准备。     

Concentrations and trends of benzene in ambient air over New York State during 1990–2003

Since 1990s, a systematic program to measure air toxics has been active in New York State with monitors located both in urban and rural areas. In this study we examined the spatial and temporal characteristics of benzene, a known human carcinogen that is emitted by many source categories. The analysis indicates that ambient concentration levels of benzene have decreased by as much as 60% over this period not only in the ozone non-attainment area of New York City that had the reformulated gas (RFG) requirements, but also over the rest of the state as well. Although the rate of decrease appears to have flattened out in recent years, the annual average concentration levels are found to be above the health risk threshold even at the remote location, Whiteface Mountain, suggesting the need for further reductions in benzene emissions.     

不同驯化方式实现SBR中部分反硝化的对比研究

部分反硝化（NO₃^--N→NO₂^--N）是一种非常具有前景的硝酸盐废水处理方法,其可以结合厌氧氨氧化实现低碳源、低能耗脱氮.本文以葡萄糖为碳源,对比研究3种部分反硝化驯化方式：R1（SBR缺氧）、R2（SBR缺氧-好氧交替运行）、R3（SBR缺氧搅拌伴随低曝气）.经过120d驯化后,对三种反应器污泥进行沿程实验,探索3种反硝化规律.结果显示引入溶解氧驯化后的R2、R3污泥相比R1能够更好地实现部分反硝化,且R3最佳.采用高通量测序技术,对运行109d时R1,R2,R3进行微生物群落结构对比分析.结果显示在有溶解氧参与的R2,R3反应器中的优势菌属为Candidatus Saccharibacteria,相对丰度分别为45.44%和34.96%,这是该菌首次作为反硝化污泥优势菌属被报道.另外R1反应器中微生物多样性要远大于R2,R3,这也从侧面说明R2,R3的反硝化菌更专性.初始pH值对R3驯化污泥影响的批试实验表明,初始pH值对亚硝酸盐积累有明显影响,且初始pH值越高,亚硝酸盐积累越多.