东海原甲藻的光周期效应研究

以东海原甲藻ProrocentrumdonghaienseLu为试验材料,设置了短光周期(A)和长光周期(B)两组试验:A组分光周期1、2、4、6、8、10和12h7个处理,B组分光周期12、14、16、18、20、22和23h7个处理,测定了东海原甲藻的细胞密度、叶绿素a含量、蛋白质含量、生物量和可溶性糖等指标。结果表明,在13个不同的光周期处理中,随着光周期的不断延长,东海原甲藻的细胞密度等一系列指标值均不断上升,各指标和光周期的长度呈现正相关的关系。结果表明东海原甲藻是一种喜长光照的赤潮藻类。     

Residues of PCDD,PCDF, and PCBs in some marine organisms in Lake Temsah,Ismailia, Egypt

Residues of PCDDs/F, non-ortho, mono-ortho PCBs, and other PCBs were monitored in the tissues of mullet fish, bolti fish, bivalves and crab taken from Lake Temsah, at Ismailia, Egypt.

Results showed that 2,3,7,8 Tetra CDD and 1,2,3,7,8 Penta CDD were the most frequently detected PCDD congeners. Similarly, 2,3,7,8 Tetra CDF, 1,2,3,7,8 Penta CDF and 2,3,4,7,8 Penta CDF were the most frequently detected PCDF congeners. No relationship was apparent between the concentrations of detected PCDDs congeners and the degree of chlorination, except with crab samples in which an increase in the chlorination coincided with a decrease in the concentrations of the congeners.

In PCDF congeners, detected residues have had a reversed relationship with chlorination increase. In PCDD congeners, Octa CDD had the highest detected concentrations in the two fish species, while in the bivalves and crab, 2,3,7,8 Tetra CDD had the highest concentrations. The mullet fish had the highest total PCDDs concentration, at 0.398?pg/g fresh weight, followed by crab at 0.395?pg/g fresh weight, then bivalves and bolti fish at 0.187 and 0.062?pg/g fresh weight, respectively. In all the examined organisms, the total concentrations of PCDFs were much higher than the total concentrations of the PCDD congeners. The WHO–TEQ values were 11.92, 39.12, 25, and 3.6?pg/g fresh weight, for mullet fish, bolti fish, bivlaves and crab, respectively. The concentration of the mono-ortho congeners CB 118 was the highest detected of all non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs congeners, with values of 0.382, 0.022, 0.231 and 0.357?ng/g fresh weight, in mullet fish, bolti fish, bivalves and crab, respectively. The WHO–TEQ concentrations were 0.799, 0.003?pg/g fw, 0.05?pg/g fresh weight, 0.676?pg/g, and 0.799?pg/g fresh weight, for the same species, respectively. The total concentration of PCBs 28, 52, 95, 99, 101, 105, 110, 118, 138, 146, 149, 151, 153, 170, 177, 180, 187 were 6.86?ng/g fresh weight for mullet fish, 0.2?ng/g fresh weight, for bolti fish, 2.72?ng/g fresh weight for bivalves and 2.8?ng/g fresh weight for crab, respectively.     

Characterization of interaction between different adsorbents and copper by simulation experiments using sediment-extracted organic matter from Taihu Lake,China

The complex capacity of different types of organic matters （OMs） for Cu was quantitatively studied by simulation experiments using different adsorbents prepared from the sediment in Taihu Lake. The free Cu was measured with ion selective electrode （ISE） and complex capacity was calculated using a conditional formation constant model. The result indicated that the complex capacity was 0.048 mmol·g-1, 0.009 and 0.005 mmol.g-1for raw sediment, sediment without DOM, sediment without insoluble organic matters but with DOM and sediment without OM. Insoluble organic matter played a major role in the sorption of Cu in sediment and it can adsorb most Cu from water column. In the solution, Cu mainly existed as a complex with DOM and the DOM-Cu complexation capacity was 327.87 mg. g-1. The change of TOC and pH indicated ion-exchange in the interaction between free Cu and DOM. When the Cu concentration in the experiment reached the complex capacity of DOM, precipitation was the major mechanism to remove Cu from water phase, which was observed from UV absorbance change of DOM, that is, its aromaticity increased while molecular weight decreased. The desorption result indi- cated that DOM was more capable of desorbing Cu from adsorbents without OM than adsorbent with OM. The desorbed quantity with DOM was 1.65, 1.78 and 2.25 times higher than that with water for adsorbents without OM, raw adsorbents （sediment） and adsorbents without DOM.     

森林新近凋落叶溶出DOM的性质及其对菲增溶作用的影响

凋落叶作为森林凋落物的主要组成部分,其溶出的大量有机质也是森林土壤可溶性有机质（DOM）的主要来源之一。研究森林凋落叶溶出DOM对PAHs增溶作用的影响有利于合理预测及评价森林土壤中PAHs的环境行为和生态风险。本研究采集了南亚热带常绿阔叶人工林的4种常见树种--尾叶桉（Eucalyptus urophylla）、木荷（Schima superba）、大叶相思（Acacia auriculiformis）和湿地松（Pinus elliottii）的新近凋落叶为试验材料,研究其DOM含量、组成与性质,对比分析了不同凋落叶DOM对菲的増溶作用及其与DOM性质的相关关系。结果表明,4种凋落叶的可溶性有机碳（DOC）质量分数在C 11.61~36.25 mg·g-1之间,其中尾叶桉的含量最大,湿地松最小。尾叶桉和木荷DOM的主要组分是可溶性糖（SS）和可溶性酚（SP）,两者总C量占DOC的比例超过47%,而大叶相思和湿地松中SS和SP两者总量所占比例均低于30%。另外,4种凋落叶DOM的质量分数（以C计）与其电导率的线性关系图中有明显转折点,说明它们均具有表面活性剂的性质。凋落叶DOM在临界胶束浓度（CMC）之上对菲具有不同程度的増溶作用,其与菲的结合系数（logKDOC）的大小顺序为尾叶桉（3.05 L·kg-1）＞木荷（3.02 L·kg-1）＞大叶相思（2.79 L·kg-1）＞湿地松（2.54 L·kg-1）,这表明尾叶桉和木荷DOM的增溶作用明显高于大叶相思和湿地松DOM。经分析表明,logKDOC与各DOM在254、280 nm处的特征紫外吸光度值（SUV-A254、SUV-A280）及其SS、SP的相对含量均呈显著正相关（p＜0.01）,与A240/A420、A254/A400比值呈显著负相关（p＜0.01）,说明DOM的芳香化程度越高,分子量越大, SS与SP所占比例越高,其对菲的増溶效果越明显。     

夏季渭河西安段溶解性有机质(DOM)的特征、分布及来源分析

通过紫外吸收光谱,三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析(EEMs-PARAFAC)方法及主成分分析(PCA),研究了夏季渭河西安段水体中的溶解性有机质(DOM)的组成、来源,及其与水质指标的相关性.在研究区域共检出2种类别5个不同的DOM组分,分别为类腐殖质荧光组分C1、C2、C3、C5和1个类蛋白类荧光组分C4,5个组分具有...     

可溶性有机物对土壤汞向大气释放的影响

通过模拟试验,研究了浸提自稻草、腐殖土和堆肥的可溶性有机物(DOM)对紫色潮土、紫色土和黄壤三种土壤中汞向大气释放的影响.结果表明,DOM尤其是堆肥DOM能有效地抑制土壤汞向大气的释放,且土壤中DOM添加量越高,土壤汞释放量越少,即DOM对土壤汞释放的抑制作用越强;不同土壤类型,DOM的抑制作用不同,三种土壤汞释放量大小顺序均为:紫色潮土紫色土黄壤.     

亳州中药材及产地土壤和地下水中氟化物含量

分析了毫州典型中药材及产地土壤和地下水中氟化物的含量.结果表明,中药材基地表层土壤全氟平均和水溶性氟含量分别在278.4-625.6 mg·kg-1和5.02-16.3 mg·kg-1之间,均值分别为532.8 mg·kg-1和9.88 mg·kg-1.表层土壤全氟平均含量高于全国土壤总氟背景值(478 mg·kg-1...     

Biofilm responses to marine fish farm wastes

The changes in the biofilm community due to organic matter enrichment, eutrophication and metal contamination derived from fish farming were studied. The biofilm biomass, polysaccharide content, trophic niche and element accumulation were quantified along an environmental gradient of fish farm wastes in two seasons. Biofilm structure and trophic diversity was influenced by seasonality as well as by the fish farm waste load. Fish farming enhanced the accumulation of organic carbon, nutrients, selenium and metals by the biofilm community. The accumulation pattern of these elements was similar regardless of the structure and trophic niche of the community. This suggests that the biofilm communities can be considered a reliable tool for assessing dissolved aquaculture wastes. Due to the ubiquity of biofilms and its wide range of consumers, its role as a sink of dissolved wastes may have important implications for the transfer of aquaculture wastes to higher trophic levels in coastal systems.     

CAS工艺与AOE工艺曝气池水质信息场的测量与分析

为了研究曝气池空间内水质的分布及变化规律,采用了YSI6600 V2多参数水质检测仪对成都市三瓦窑污水处理厂的一期工程传统污泥法(CAS)、二期工程缺氧、好氧和内源呼吸(AOE)工艺中的曝气池分别进行了包括DO、NH3-N、NO3--N、pH、氯化物和温度等水质指标的场的检测,通过分析这些数据,揭示了曝气池内部水质变化的规律,并比较了CAS工艺与AOE工艺内水质处理效果的差别。结果表明,(1)溶解氧沿池深方向呈现出一定的分布规律,CAS工艺中随池深增加,溶解氧增加,AOE工艺中随着池深的增加,溶解氧降低;(2)AOE工艺对氨氮在O区的去除率可达97.64%,明显高于CAS工艺的41.76%;(3)沿曝气池长度测量溶解氧空间分布规律,参照理论曲线及依据水质处理要求,调整曝气量的方法具有长期运行经济、水质处理效果好的特点。     

四平市二龙湖底泥磷释放研究

采用室内实验模拟法对四平市二龙湖富营养化限制因子磷的底泥释放速率及释放量进行了研究,并研究在种环境因子(温度、pH、DO和扰动因素)影响下底泥磷的释放规律。结果表明,(1)二龙湖年平均底泥释磷量为208·78g,最大释磷率为0·889μg/g(T=20℃,pH=8,DO为4·68mg/L);(2)自然和人为的扰动因素会促进底泥的磷释放;(3)H在弱酸至中性范围内底泥释磷量最小,酸性和碱性条件都有利于磷的释放;(4)随着温度的升高底泥释磷量增大;(5)厌条件比好氧条件更有利于磷的释放。