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通过批次实验探究了不同有机物对铁盐化学除磷的影响.结果显示,有机物对铁盐化学除磷的不利影响由强到弱依次为柠檬酸、黄腐酸、聚山梨酯-80、牛血清蛋白、葡萄糖、淀粉,柠檬酸的影响程度为其他五种有机物的5~20倍.较之含羟基有机物,含羧基有机物对铁盐除磷的不利影响更大.研究表明:铁盐化学除磷的实质是通过形成铁羟基氧化物(HFO)来除磷.含羧基有机物,如柠檬酸,可与磷酸根竞争HFO,有机物"抢占"HFO表面结合位点导致磷酸盐与HFO结合减少,从而使铁盐除磷效果下降.在所试柠檬酸浓度范围内,铁盐除磷率最高下降了90.70%. 相似文献
23.
SBBR同步硝化反硝化处理生活污水的影响因素 总被引:38,自引:1,他引:38
序批式生物膜反应器SBBR采用塑料鲍尔环填料,在有氧情况下用于处理实际生活污水.该反应器能很好地创造缺氧微环境,载体生物膜具有吸附储碳能力,出现了良好的同步硝化和反硝化现象.反应器中溶解氧浓度在较大的范围内(0.8~4.0 mg·L-1)能有效地实现同步硝化和反硝化.当溶解氧浓度大于4.0 mg·L-1后,TN容积去除率大幅下降,出水TN大幅上升.增加载体生物膜厚度有利于同步硝化和反硝化.进水浓度基本不影响脱氮的效率,但出水TN随进水浓度增加而升高,建议原水浓度高时可增加后续脱氮处理或减少进水量来满足出水要求.优化运行方法和参数后,SBBR连续运行的TN去除率可稳定在74%~82%. 相似文献
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《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(4):396-407
Based on the experimental and theoretical methods, the NO selective catalytic oxidation process was proposed. The experimental results indicated that lattice oxygen was the active site for NO oxide over the -MnO2(110) surface. In the theoretical study, DFT (density functional theory) and periodic slab modeling were performed on an -MnO2(110) surface, and two possible NO oxidation mechanisms over the surface were proposed. The non-defect -MnO2(110) surface showed the highest stability, and the surface Os (the second layer oxygen atoms) position was the most active and stable site. O2 molecule enhanced the joint adsorption process of two NO molecules. The reaction process, including O2 dissociation and O=N-O-O-N=O formation, was calculated to carry out the NO catalytic oxidation mechanism over -MnO2(110). The results showed that NO oxidation over the -MnO2(110) surface exhibited the greatest possibility following the route of O=N-O-O-N=O formation. Meanwhile, the formation of O=N-O-O-N=O was the rate-determining step. 相似文献
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利用XPS研究复合氧化物催化剂在汽车尾气净化中硫中毒及抗硫中毒机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用XPS分析方法研究一系列复合氧化物催化剂中毒前后硫在其表面的各种形态及催化剂活性组分中毒前后的组成,价态,化学机理及其变化。结果表明,SO2在催化剂活性中心进行化学吸附,然后一部分SO2与活性组分生成相应的亚硫酸盐和硫酸盐,从而使催化剂失活。 相似文献
28.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(4):263-274
The cryptomelane-type manganese oxide (OMS-2)-supported Co (xCo/OMS-2; x = 5, 10, and 15 wt.%) catalysts were prepared via a pre-incorporation route. The as-prepared materials were used as catalysts for catalytic oxidation of toluene (2000 ppmV). Physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were measured using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) techniques. Among all of the catalysts, 10Co/OMS-2 performed the best, with the T90%, specific reaction rate at 245°C, and turnover frequency at 245°C (TOFCo) being 245°C, 1.23 × 10−3 moltoluene/(gcat·sec), and 11.58 × 10−3 sec−1 for toluene oxidation at a space velocity of 60,000 mL/(g·hr), respectively. The excellent catalytic performance of 10Co/OMS-2 were due to more oxygen vacancies, enhanced redox ability and oxygen mobility, and strong synergistic effect between Co species and OMS-2 support. Moreover, in the presence of poisoning gases CO2, SO2 or NH3, the activity of 10Co/OMS-2 decreased for the carbonate, sulfate and ammonia species covered the active sites and oxygen vacancies, respectively. After the activation treatment, the catalytic activity was partly recovered. The good low-temperature reducibility of 10Co/OMS-2 could also facilitate the redox process accompanied by the consecutive electron transfer between the adsorbed O2 and the cobalt or manganese ions. In the oxidation process of toluene, the benzoic and aldehydic intermediates were first generated, which were further oxidized to the benzoate intermediate that were eventually converted into H2O and CO2. 相似文献
29.
The Finnish anthropogenic CH4 emissions in 1990 are estimated to be about 250 Gg, with an uncertainty range extending from 160 to 440 Gg. The most important sources are landfills and animal husbandry. The N2O emissions, which come mainly from agriculture and the nitric acid industry are about 20 Gg in 1990 (uncertainty range 10–30 Gg). The development of the emissions to the year 2010 is reviewed in two scenarios: the base and the reduction scenarios.According to the base scenario, the Finnish CH4 emissions will decrease in the near future. Emissions from landfills, energy production, and transportation will decrease because of already decided and partly realized volume and technical changes in these sectors. The average reduction potential of 50%, as assumed in the reduction scenario, is considered achievable.N2O emissions, on the other hand, are expected to increase as emissions from energy production and transportation will grow due to an increasing use of fluidized bed boilers and catalytic converters in cars. The average reduction potential of 50%, as assumed in the reduction scenario, is optimistic.Anthropogenic CH4 and N2O emissions presently cause about 30% of the direct radiative forcing due to Finnish anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. This share would be even larger if the indirect impacts of CH4 were included. The contribution of CH4 can be controlled due to its relatively short atmospheric lifetime and due to the existing emission reduction potential. Nitrous oxide has a long atmospheric lifetime and its emission control possiblities are limited consequently, the greenhouse impact of N2O seems to be increasing even if the emissions were limited somehow. 相似文献
30.
Davey L. Jones John F. Farrar Kevin K. Newsham 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2004,4(6):169-175
Amino acids constitute one of the largest inputs of organic nitrogen (N) to most polar soils and have been hypothesized to be important in regulating vegetational succession and productivity in Arctic ecosystems. Our understanding of amino acid cycling in these soils, however, is poor. The aim of this study was to investigate the size and rate of turnover of the amino acid pool in a range of Arctic and Antarctic soils. Our results indicate that in polar soils with either high or low ornithogenic inputs the amino acid pool is small in comparison to the inorganic N pool (NO–3 and NH+4). The free amino acid pool constituted only a small proportion of the total dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) pool in these soils. Here we show that these low concentrations may be due to rapid use by the soil microbial community in both Arctic and Antarctic soils. The turnover of the amino acid pool in soil was extremely rapid, with a half-life ranging from 2 to 24 h, indicating that this N pool can be turned over many hundred times each summer when polar soils are frequently unfrozen. The implications of amino acids in N cycling and plant and microbial nutrition are discussed. 相似文献