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41.
小清河水体和沿岸地下水中有机污染物的监测及其毒性分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文对小清河水体和沿岸地下水中的有机污染物进行了色-质联用分析,共检出有机污染物13类93种。并对其毒性效应进行了分析和评价。 相似文献
42.
超临界二氧化碳萃取-GC/MS测定土壤中的多环芳烃 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
本文开发了一种采用超临界二氧化碳萃取土壤中多环芳烃、不须经过纯化步骤,直接可用于GC/MS分析的简便、高效的方法。本实验中超临界革取的流体是二氧化碳,改善剂是5%的二氯甲烷/甲醇,萃取温度为120℃、压力为34MPa。GC/MS分析时除了采用外标外,还加入了6种同位素PAHs内标以校正各段PAHs的响应因子。采用本方法成功地测定了我国未开垦森林土壤中的PAHs。 相似文献
43.
Llansó RJ Dauer DM Vølstad JH Scott LC 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,81(1-3):163-174
The Chesapeake Bay benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) was developed to assess benthic community health and environmental quality in Chesapeake Bay. The B-IBI provides Chesapeake Bay monitoring programs with a uniform tool with which to characterize bay-wide benthic community condition and assess the health of the Bay. A probability-based design permits unbiased annual estimates of areal degradation within the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries with quantifiable precision. However, of greatest interest to managers is the identification of problem areas most in need of restoration. Here we apply the B-IBI to benthic data collected in the Bay since 1994 to assess benthic community degradation by Chesapeake Bay Program segment and water depth. We used a new B-IBI classification system that improves the reliability of the estimates of degradation. Estimates were produced for 67 Chesapeake Bay Program segments. Greatest degradation was found in areas that are known to experience hypoxia or show toxic contamination, such as the mesohaline portion of the Potomac River, the Patapsco River, and the Maryland mainstem. Logistic regression models revealed increased probability of degraded benthos with depth for the lower Potomac River, Patapsco River, Nanticoke River, lower York River, and the Maryland mainstem. Our assessment of degradation by segment and water depth provided greater resolution of relative condition than previously available, and helped define the extent of degradation in Chesapeake Bay. 相似文献
44.
Caffrey JM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,81(1-3):207-219
Primary production, respiration, and net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) are useful indicators of ecosystem level trophic conditions within estuaries. In this study, dissolved oxygen data collected every half hour between January 1996 to December 1998 by the National Estuarine Research Reserve System Wide Monitoring Program were used to calculate primary production, respiration, and net ecosystem metabolism. Data from two sites at each of 14 Reserves were analyzed. On average, three quarters of the data available could be used to calculate metabolic rates. Data from two of the Reserves were used to evaluate the assumption of homogeneity of water masses moving past the oxygen sensor. Temperature was the single most important factor controlling metabolic rates at individual sites, although salinity was also important at about half the sites. On an annual basis, respiration exceeded gross primary production demonstrating that all but 4 of the 28 sites were heterotrophic. 相似文献
45.
46.
The purpose of this studywas to determine status and long-term trends of dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO) in Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, U.S.A. A 20-year record of randomized stations was used to determine the trend of surface water DO, salinity, and temperature over space and time. A 13-year record of two fixed stations was used to determine the temporal nutrient trends. A 10-year record of fixed stations in the southeastern region of Corpus Christi Bay was used to determine the status of disturbance caused by low DO in bottom waters. From 1982 to 2002, there was a significant decrease in surface water DO at a rate of 0.06 mg L−1 yr−1 and a significant increase in surface water temperature at a rate of 0.07°C yr−1. The southeastern region of Corpus Christi Bay had the lowest average DO, and during July and August, DO are steadily declining at a rate of 0.09 mg L−1 yr−1. It is not likely that eutrophication is causing hypoxia, because freshwater inflow rates have significantly decreased since 1941 and nutrient levels have not changed from 1987 to 2000. Even though long-term trends indicate that average surface DO is decreasing, disturbance by hypoxia appears to be stable, but this may be due to just eight years of data. In fact, if the current trend continues, surface water DO will not meet exceptional aquatic life standards (≤5 mgL−1) in 2032. 相似文献
47.
Atmospheric aerosols are an important contributing factor to turbidity in urban areas besides having impact on health. Aerosol characteristics show a high degree of variability in space and time as anthropogenic share of total aerosol loading is quite substantial and is essential to monitor the aerosol features over long time scales. In the present study extensive observations of columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD), total columnar ozone (TCO) and precipitable water content (PWC) have been carried over a tropical urban city of Hyderabad, India. Significant variations of AOD have been observed during course of the day with low values of AOD during morning and evening hours and high values during afternoon hours. Spectral variation of AOD exhibits high AOD at smaller wavelengths and vice versa except a slight enhancement in AOD at 500 nm. Anomalies in AOD, particulate matter and black carbon concentrations have been observed during May, 2003. Back trajectory analysis of air mass during these episodes suggested variation in air mass trajectories. Analysis of the results suggests that air trajectories from land region north of study area cause high loading of atmospheric aerosols. The results are discussed in the paper. 相似文献
48.
固定化微生物处理有机污染物的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
综述了近年来固定化微生物技术用于有机污染物治理中的最新进展,这些有机污染物包括难降解有机污染物(酚类、芳香烃类等)及其它化合物(DMP、甲硫醇恶臭气体、制药废水等)。此外,对藻类固定化技术作了简介,并对固定化技术的应用前景及存在问题进行了评述。 相似文献
49.
50.
活性炭法测量室内空气中氡浓度的影响因素研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探讨了各种因素对活性炭法测量室内空气中氡浓度的影响,并提出既能保证检测质量,又能符合工程检测需要、提高检测效率的检测条件范围。 相似文献