Effect of free-air CO2 enrichment on nematode communities in a Chinese farmland ecosystem

At a rice-wheat rotational free-air CO2 enrichment(FACE) platform, the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil nematode communities in a farmland ecosystem was studied. Wheat plots were exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 (ambient 370 μl/L 200 μl/L).32 families and 40 genera of nematode were observed in soil suspensions during the study period. Under FACE treatment, the numbers of total nematodes, bacterivores and fungivores exhibited an increasing trend. Because of the seasonal variation of soil temperature and moisture, the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil nematodes was only observed under favorable conditions. The response of nematode communities to elevated atmospheric CO2 may indicate the change of soil food web.     

Influence of chlorsulfuron herbicide on size of microbial biomass in the soil

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Cobalt in alluvial Egyptian soils as affected by industrial activities

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利用干酪根固体~(13)C核磁共振法研究下古生界碳酸盐岩的热演化程度

应用固体~(13)C－NMR技术对下古生界,海相碳酸盐岩干酪根的化学组成和结构特征进行研究，提出应用该技术所测算的干酪根结构参数“芳核平均结构尺寸”能较准确地反映碳酸盐岩的热成熟度。首次提出芳核平均结构尺寸与镜质体反射率之间的关系在干酪根的热演化过程中具有“三段式”特征。利用这一成果对华北地区下古生界成熟度进行了测定，与地质背景甚为吻合。     

农药废水的“物化+生化”处理技术研究

生产久效磷和亚磷酸三甲脂产生的废水是高浓度、毒性大的有机农药废水 ,采用适当的物化手段作为预处理可以降低废水的CODCr和毒性 ,提高废水的可生化性 ,再经过以光合细菌为主的接触氧化处理 ,整个系统CODCr的去除率达到 99% ,出水CODCr降低至 2 0 0mg/L。     

温度对氨法脱硫率影响的实验研究

对使用氨（NH3）脱除烟气中气态污染物的技术进行了分析和总结，认为氨洗涤法洗涤净化烟气是一种很有前景的方法，并就温度对SO2脱除率的影响进行了实验研究。实验研究结果显示，当温度超过54℃时，NH3对SO2仍有很高的脱除率。并根据实验结果建议，在实际氨法脱硫工程中，脱硫过程温度宜控制在60℃以下或在80℃以上。     

氨氮污染对宁夏水环境质量的影响及其控制

近年来氨氮污染对宁夏水环境质量的影响日趋势严重，文中通过大量的监测数据，分析了水环境中氨氮污染现状及其变化趋势，研究了氨氮污染物的来源和分布，并在此基础上提出了控制氨氮污染的对策。     

Methods for project-based mechanisms (JI/CDM)—relevance of IPCC inventory guidelines

A baseline for a project consists of estimates of annual emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) for a given time period without implementing the project. A general three-step process for determining the baseline is suggested. The emission reduction of the project is given by the difference between the baseline and the monitored annual emissions. A preferred method, direct measurement of the emission reduction, is possible for some types of projects. Methods for estimating the annual baseline emissions are not necessary for the latter category, and a definition of this project category is suggested. IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories categorise the emission sources so that only direct emissions from consumption of fuel and feedstock are calculated. There are thus no emission factors for indirect emissions (e.g. electricity consumption or km transported) or emission factors that depend on technology only, independent of consumption of fuel and feedstock. Technology-dependent emission factors may thus need to be developed for estimating indirect emissions and multi-project baselines. Consistency should be sought with the IPCC Guidelines when estimating annual baseline emissions and in monitoring project emissions to ensure comparability with the National Inventories.     

区域(城市)水体中主要有机毒物的筛选

本研究发展了区域(或城市)水体中主要有毒化学品的筛选方法。 在城市下游采集大体积水样,用CH_2Cl_2洗脱,再用有机溶剂萃取,用硅胶柱把有机物分成许多馏分,馏分最终变为水溶液。每个馏分中有机物浓度比原水大1000倍。用这种馏分水溶液进行溞的急性毒性试验和Ames试验。只对毒性大的馏分进行色谱/质谱/数据系统的鉴定和定量分析,然后根据各个化合物的急性毒性、降解难易和“三致”物质的资料及原水样中有机物的浓度资料,就可筛选出一个区域(城市)水体中的主要有毒化学品。     

Characteristics and source apportionment of PM2.5 under the dual influence of the Spring Festival and the COVID-19 pandemic in Yuncheng city

Based on the online and membrane sampling data of Yuncheng from January 1st to February 12th, 2020, the formation mechanism of haze under the dual influence of Spring Festival and COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease) was analyzed. Atmospheric capacity, chemical composition, secondary transformation, source apportionment, backward trajectory, pollution space and enterprise distribution were studied. Low wind speed, high humidity and small atmospheric capacity inhibited the diffusion of air pollutants. Four severe pollution processes occurred during the period, and the pollution degree was the highest around the Spring Festival. In light, medium and heavy pollution periods, the proportion of SNA (SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺) was 59.6%, 56.0% and 54.9%, respectively, which was the largest components of PM_2.5; the [NO₃⁻]/[SO₄²⁻] ratio was 2.1, 1.5 and 1.7, respectively, indicating that coal source had a great influence; the changes of NOR (nitrogen oxidation ratio, 0.44, 0.45, 0.61) and SOR (sulphur oxidation ratio, 0.40, 0.49, 0.65) indicated the accumulation of secondary aerosols with increasing pollution. The coal combustion, motor vehicle, secondary inorganic sources and industrial sources contributed 36.8%, 26.59%, 11.84% and 8.02% to PM_2.5 masses, respectively. Backward trajectory showed that the influence from the east was greater during the Spring Festival, and the pollutants from the eastern air mass were higher, which would aggravate the pollution. Meteorological and Spring Festival had a great impact on heavy pollution weather. Although some work could not operate due to the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, the emission of pollutants did not reduce much.