不同类型污染源颗粒物的粒度分布特征分析

对影响葫芦岛市城区环境质量可吸入颗粒物的各类污染源颗粒物的粒度成份、分布特征进行分析。采用斯托克直径ds（Stoke＇s Diameter）表示法，利用巴柯离心机对样品进行处理，得到各类排放源所排放的不同粒径的颗粒物重量百分比，为环境管理提供科学依据。     

Effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on the biochemical characteristics of municipal refuse in landfill bioreactors

Activity development of key groups of enzymes involved in municipal refuse decomposition was measured in laboratory landfill bioreactors with and without leachate recycling and inoculation for about 210 days.The results showed that the enzymes(amylase,protease,cellulase,lipase and pectinase)were present in fresh refuse but at low values and positively affected by leachate recycling and refuse inoculation.The total average of cellulase activity in digesters D3 operated with leachate recycling but no inoculation,D4 and D5 operated with leachate recyling and inoculation was much higher than that in digesters D1 and D2 without leachate recycling and inoculation by 88%-127%,117%-162%and 64%-98%.The total average of protease activity was higher in digester D4 than that in digesters D1,D2,D3and D5 by 63%,39%,24%and 24%,respectively,and the positive effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on protease activity of landfilled refuse mainly was at the first two months.The total average of amylase activity was higher in digesters D3,D4 and D5 than that in digesters D1 and D2 by 83%-132%,96%-148%and 81%-129%.During the early phase of incubation,the stimulatory effect of inoculation on lipase activity was measured,but refuse moisture was the main factor affecting lipase activity of landfilled refuse.The inoculation,initial and continuous inoculation of microorganisms existing in leachate,was the mainly stimulatory factor affecting pectinase activity of landfilled refuse.     

桂西北明山金矿床表生带矿石中氨基酸的分布特征研究

在总结目前关于氨基酸溶金作用研究成果的基础上,对桂西北明山卡林型金矿床表生带的矿石样品进行了氨基酸的分离、定性和定量研究,结果表明,各种氨基酸的稳定性与所处的成岩成矿环境有关,因此不同环境中对成岩成矿发挥作用的氨基酸种类是不同的,所起的作用也有所差异;进行氨基酸溶金作用模拟实验时应该首先考虑氨基酸在不同成岩成矿环境中的稳定性。结合已有的氨基酸溶金作用模拟实验所得到的认识,对桂西北卡林型金矿成矿过程中氨基酸的作用进行了探讨。     

Effect of catalyzed diesel particulate filter and its catalyst loading on emission characteristics of a non-road diesel engine

In this study, the effects of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) coupled with a catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) with different catalyst loadings on the power, fuel consumption, gaseous and particulate emissions from a non-road diesel engine were investigated. Results showed that the after-treatment had a negligible effect on the power and fuel consumption. The reduction effect of the DOC on the CO and hydrocarbon (HC) increased with the engine load. Further reductions occurred coupling with the CDPF. Increasing the catalyst loading resulted in a more significant reduction in the HC emissions than CO emissions. The DOC could increase the NO₂ proportion to 37.9%, and more NO₂ was produced when coupled with the CDPF below 250°C; above 250°C, more NO₂ was consumed. The after-treatment could reduce more than 99% of the particle number (PN) and 98% of the particle mass (PM). Further reductions in the PN and PM occurred with a higher CDPF catalyst loading. The DOC had a better reduction effect on the nucleation particles than the accumulation ones, but the trend reversed with the CDPF. The DOC shifted the particle size distribution (PSD) to larger particles with an accumulation particle proportion increasing from 13% to 20%, and the geometric mean diameter (GMD) increased from 18.2 to 26.0 nm. The trend reversed with the CDPF and the accumulation particle proportion declined to less than 10%. A lower catalyst loading on the CDPF led to a higher proportion of nucleation particles and a smaller GMD.     

稀土材料氢氧化铈吸附水中亚砷酸与砷酸阴离子的特性效果

以开发新型高效除砷吸附材料为目的 ,在室温 (2 5℃ ) ,初始浓度 0 .0 5～ 2 5 0mg/L ,pH4～ 11条件下 ,对稀土材料氢氧化铈 (HCO)进行了吸附除砷的性能评价 .实验结果表明 ,在实验条件下 ,HCO对亚砷酸和砷酸阴离子都显示了良好的吸附效果 ,其吸附等温线能很好地用Langmuir方程进行描述 .对于低浓度 (0 0 5～ 10mg/L)的砷溶液 ,HCO在所选 pH条件下对亚砷酸和砷酸阴离子的吸附率可达 10 0 % .对于高浓度的砷溶液 ,偏酸性 (pH 4 )条件有利于砷酸阴离子 ,而中性 /微碱性 (pH 7,8)条件最有利于亚砷酸阴离子的吸附 .HCO对 2种形态的砷阴离子的吸附效应在较宽 pH范围内同溶液的离子强度基本无关 ,常见阴离子 (Cl-,NO-3 ,SO2 -4)的存在对砷的吸附也未显示出干扰效应 .从实验结果推测 ,HCO吸附亚砷酸和砷酸阴离子的主要反应机理应属于专性吸附     

洗选处理对大气有害微量元素的脱除效果研究

通过实验室试验和实际选煤厂收集的数据 ,研究了洗选处理对燃煤中大气有害物质 (HAPM )分布赋存特征的影响作用。测试数据表明HAPM倾向在煤样无机矿物质中富集。从实际选煤厂采集的数据也表明 :选矿工艺流程可显著降低煤中HAPM的丰度。降低煤样粒度上限可使无机矿物质解离更充分 ,结合相应先进分选工艺可使HAPM脱除率显著提高 ,成本低、技术成熟的洗选工艺可行之有效地脱除燃煤中HAPM物质。     

中国南方主要防火树种的防火特性及开发利用研究

本文采用多目标决策法对我国南方的主要防火树种进行初步筛选。在此基础上,以易燃的杉木（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ）、马尾松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｍａｓｓｏｎｉａｎａ）为对照,对其代表性树种---木荷（Ｓｃｈｉｍａｓｕｐｅｒｂａ）、火力楠（Ｍｉｃｈｅｌｉａｍａｃｃｌｕｒｅｉ）、细柄阿丁枫（Ａｌｔｉｎｇｉａｇｒａｃｉｌｉｐｅｓ）等的防火特性进行比较研究。结果表明,防火树种具有着火温度高、水分含量高,且析出速率快、活化能高、挥发分发热量低等特点。主成分分析表明,树叶的着火温度、含水率、水分析出速率、活化能及挥发分发热量等可作为判断树种防火性能优劣的主要指标,而苯-乙醇抽取物和粗灰分含量等可作为辅助性判断指标。文章最后提出了主要防火树种的开发利用途径和对策。     

四川呷村多金属矿床地球化学特征及成因

呷村矿床是一个特大型的含金、稀土富银多金属矿床.成矿地质特征与日本黑矿相似.矿床形成于中低温、较低压的环境.成矿溶液为中等盐度、低密度水热体系.铅等成矿元素主要来自岛弧火山岩,硫和锶来自深部岩浆和海水,成矿水介质以大气降水为主,为典型海底火山热液—喷气沉积成因的块状硫化物矿床.     

Soil water characteristics in mountain poplar stand and its benefits to soil and water conservation in loess hilly region

ＳｏｉｌｗａｔｅｒｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｉｎｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｐｏｐｌａｒｓｔａｎｄａｎｄｉｔｓｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓｔｏｓｏｉｌａｎｄｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｉｎｌｏｅｓｓｈｉｌｌｙｒｅｇｉｏｎＷｕＱｉｎｘｉａｏ；ＬｉｕＸｉａｎｇｄｏｎｇ...     

洱海地面水环境监测优化布点研究

根据１９８７年以后五年洱海水质监测数据的数理统计分析，选择污染指数大的ｐＨ、ＣＯＤ＿（Ｍｎ）、ＢＯＤ＿５、Ｔ－Ｎ、Ｔ－Ｐ进行单项方差分析，进而再进行灰色关联聚类分析和年际相关分析，确知洱海三个水质监测断面可归于一类。考虑水下地形、湖流、环湖工农业布局，水质监测点优化为两个即可保证其准确性、可控性和代表性。