The Status of Pesticide Residues in the Drinking Water Sources in Meiliangwan Bay, Taihu Lake of China

The study was carried out to assess the levels of pesticide residues in the water of Meiliangwan Bay, Taihu Lake of China. The most commonly employed organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) and herbicide atrazine were analyzed. The water samples were collected seasonally from Meiliangwan Bay within a period of one year. The pesticides were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with μECD or NPD after solid-phase extraction (SPE), which was confirmed by GC with an ion trap mass spectrometry (MS). The mean concentrations were 1.98 ng/l for lindane, 0.378 ng/l for heptachlor epoxide, 0.367 ng/l for p,p′-DDE, 0.496 ng/l for p,p′-DDD, 1.06 ng/l for p,p′-DDT and 51.6 ng/l for dichlorvos, 39.0 ng/l for demeton, 346 ng/l for dimethoate, 4.12 ng/l for methyl parathion, 11.6 ng/l for malathion, 2.17 ng/l for parathion and 217 ng/l for atrazine. Generally, low concentrations of OCP were found, whereas the concentrations of the OPPs and atrazine in the water of Taihu Lake were relatively high. Heptachlor epoxide and lindane were the two most commonly encountered OCPs while dichlorvos, demeton and dimethoate were found to have much higher concentrations and occurrences than other OPPs.     

我国生活垃圾的处理现状及发展趋势

生活垃圾是人类面临的一个普遍性问题,关系着人口、资源、环境是否能协调发展.介绍了城市生活垃圾的处理现状和存在问题,从各角度分析了各种方法的优缺点,介绍每种方法的最新进展.最后指出应根据本地区不同的地理环境、垃圾成分及经济发展水平采用不同的垃圾处理模式.     

防渗墙与帷幕墙防渗效果评价

为阻断某垃圾填埋场的甲烷气体向附近住宅区迁移的通道,防止甲烷气体给住宅区造成火灾爆炸灾害,在垃圾填埋场与住宅区之间修建了防渗墙和帷幕墙,并对其进行了跟踪监测.结果表明,防渗墙有效地阻隔了填埋场内甲烷气体向外迁移.     

利用生活垃圾填埋场上建设飞灰固化物填埋场适宜性探讨

针对利用原有生活垃圾填埋场改扩建飞灰固化物填埋场,从勘查设计和建设角度,通过与常规生活垃圾填埋的安全和环保各相关因素对比,分析扩建前后填埋场稳定性、防渗及导排系统等勘察设计要点,研讨扩建工程新老填埋堆体基础层、防渗及导排系统等安全环保关键技术及扩建的适宜性,为扩建的可行性研究提出较为系统的技术论证思路.     

颗粒活性炭载体新型生物转盘去除生活污水中COD和NH3-N的研究

开发一种改进型生物转盘处理生活污水,将盘片改为转笼状,并向其中加入颗粒活性发作为载体,研究该系统对生活污水的处理效果。结果表明：在转盘转速为15rpm和HRT分别为10h、8h、6h、4．5h情况下,进水COD平均浓度约为223mg／L,出水COD平均浓度分别为15．6、17．9、23．4、28．2mg/L,平均去除率为93．0％、91．9％、89．5％、86．6％;进水NH3-N平均浓度约为22mg／L,出水NH3-N平均浓度分别为0．32、1．13、2．30、5．71mg／L,平均去除率为98．5％、94．8％、89．7％、74．6％。     

当前危险废物治理工作存在的问题及建议

分析了国内当前危险废物治理工作中普遍存在的问题及原因,对解决这些问题的方法进行了探讨,并对危险废物的管理工作提出了建议,同时结合国内外的成功经验,提出了一些新的思路。     

我国固体废物处理利用行业2008年发展综述

综述了我国固体废物处理利用概况、行业发展的状况及特点,提出了行业发展中存在的问题及建议。     

废弃中密度纤维板制备活性炭

以磷酸为活化剂、废弃中密度板木粉为原料制备活性炭(AC),采用正交实验得出制备AC的最佳工艺条件:磷酸质量浓度为813.43 g/L,浸渍比(木粉与磷酸的质量比)为4.5:1,浸渍时间为12 h,活化温度为500 ℃,活化时间为2 h.在此条件下AC得率为40.67%,碘吸附值为934.56 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为172.5 mg/g,焦糖脱色率为100%.采用3 g AC处理150 mL实际水样,COD去除率为84.50%,NH_3-N去除率为61.70%,色度去除率为86.88%,浊度去除率为82.80%,悬浮物去除率为80.98%.     

利用多晶硅生产废物制备偏硅酸钠

利用多晶硅生产废物制备偏硅酸钠.将多晶硅生产废物水解生成偏硅酸沉淀,水解温度应控制在40℃以下,水与多晶硅生产废物质量比10～12为宜,溶液pH应控制在2.0～2.5.向偏硅酸中加入质量分数为45%的NaOH溶液制备偏硅酸钠,pH控制在12.5,降温速率控制在1.0℃/min.采用该方法制备的偏硅酸钠完全符合HG/T2568-94<工业偏硅酸钠化工行业标准>的优等品指标.     

Municipal solid waste management and short-term projection of the waste discard levels in Taiwan

Industrialization and urbanization result in significant changes in lifestyle. These lifestyle changes seem to lead to unsustainable consumption patterns and increase the generation of various kinds of environmental loads, especially the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW). Taiwan is a small island with scarce natural resources. The economic development in Taiwan has resulted in the generation of large amounts of MSW. As a result, the Taiwan Environmental Pollution Administration (TEPA) has produced regulations for waste minimization and has imposed several important policy measures that have successfully reduced the MSW discard rate in recent years and have established a public recycling network as a part of the MSW collection. Nowadays, the objective of the MSW policies in Taiwan is to develop a “zero-waste society.” This article aims to review the MSW management progress in Taiwan and to project future MSW discards up to 2011 based on the national plan and assumed scenarios for socioeconomic variables. According to the analysis results, a more sustainable consumption pattern can be proposed and the corresponding MSW management system can be planned so as to develop a low-waste-discard society.