Monitoring The Dynamics Of Coastal Vegetation In Southwestern Taiwan

This study analyzes the results of the first 5 years of long-term environmental monitoring of the dynamics of coastal vegetation communities in southwestern Taiwan. Seven permanent plots were established in major vegetation communities, including grassland, windbreak forest, and secondary succession forest. Results showed that species richness decreased yearly in grasslands but fluctuated moderately in the forest plots. A Jaccard similarity coefficient was used to evaluate the similarities of species composition between different monitoring years. Species composition changed rapidly in grassland sites, with the similarity coefficient dropping from 82 to 29% in 5 years. The similarity coefficient of vegetation in the compositehardwood forest dropped from 80 to 50%, indicating that at least half the species were the same as those in the beginning and that the composition of forest communities was more stable than that of grassland communities. Dominant species in the forest community changed gradually during the monitoring period. The original planting of Casuarina equisetifolia in windbreak forests decreased year by year in most of the plots, while Cerbera manghas and Ficus microcarpa became the dominant species. The trend of replacement of dominant species indicates that most of the vegetation communities are still in successional stages.     

两种无机盐形成的盐度对淡水藻类生长的影响

利用水族箱微宇宙方法研究了2种无机盐所形成的盐度对淡水藻类生长和种类变化的影响.以景观鱼池水为试验水体,通过分别添加不同数量的NaCl和Na2SO4,各自设定4个盐度梯度,分别为3、6、9 g·L-1和12 g·L-1,考察藻类生长的变化情况.2种无机盐的试验结果均表明,在一定时期内较低盐度(不高于3 g·L-1)对藻类的生长略有促进,而过高的盐度(不低于6 g·L-1)对藻类生长有不同程度的抑制作用.对比两种盐对藻类生长的影响,发现Na2SO4形成的盐度对藻类生长的影响大于NaCl.盐度升高对试验水体中藻类的优势种影响不明显,高盐度胁迫使优势种端尖月牙藻(Selenastrum westii)的集群状态和生长发育受到较大影响.     

渤海越冬场渔业生物资源量和群落结构的动态特征

根据1983、1993和1999年冬季在渤海越冬场拖网试捕采集的渔获量资料,分析研究了渤海渔业生物地方种群的种类组成、生物量指数和优势种群的年间变化。资源量呈逐年大幅度减少之势,平均网获量分别为115kg/h、35kg/h和07kg/h,平均网获尾数则为669尾/h、145尾/h和37尾/h;群落结构和优势种发生了明显的变化,1983～1993年的优势种群梅童和孔鳐等经济底层鱼类为安氏新银鱼所替代。捕捞过度是经济种群资源量剧减的主要原因,强化渔政管理,开展经济种群的种苗放流是保护、恢复和增殖渔业资源的主要措施和途径。     

Unexpected ultrasonographic prenatal diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

The prenatal diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is now being reported with increasing frequency. We report three cases and review 12 cases of ADPKD diagnosed in the fetus by ultrasonographic findings. Increased echogenicity and renal enlargement are the main ultrasonographic signs of ADPKD. Renal cysts are uncommon. Diagnosis is easy in a family with a positive ADPKD history. Conversely, there may be no apparent family history, as in our three cases and three cases from the literature. We consider the problems of unexpected diagnosis, family investigation, and the prognosis of ADPKD in children with prenatally diagnosable forms.     

Prenatal diagnosis in autosomal dominant Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

A 20-year-old woman with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) was ultrasonographically appraised at intervals during her pregnancy. Unequivocal evidence for a diagnosis of BWS was obtained in the fetus and this was confirmed postnatally. Early ultrasound diagnosis enabled appropriate genetic counselling to be given; neonatal complications, such as hypoglycaemic episodes, were prevented.     

濒危植物脱皮榆种群结构与分布格局研究

对山西南部中条山和霍山脱皮榆的种群结构与分布格局进行了研究,其中根据大小结构图和存活曲线分析脱皮榆种群动态,应用扩散系数、聚集指数、平均拥挤度、聚块性指数、聚集强度、Cassie指数(1/K)、Poisson分布和负二项分布的χ2拟合检验等方法研究分布格局.结果表明,脱皮榆种群幼苗个体比例较大,总体上近于增长型种群.脱皮榆分布格局呈聚集型,这主要与物种本身的生物学和生态学特性密切相关,同时受群落内生境异质性的影响.图2表2参14     

京密运河与北京排污河浮游藻类的群落演替与水质污染的关系

对京密运河及北京排污河进行了不同季节的藻类生态调查,根据藻类群落结构特征,对河流质量进行评价,并将河流水质划分为五级.相关性分析结果表明,藻类数量和生物量与水质相关性显著.根据藻类组成、分布特征及河流水质选出了作为评价京密运河和北京排污河污染程度的几种指示藻类.     

Changes in Arthropod Assemblages along a Wide Gradient of Disturbance in Gabon

Abstract: Searching for indicator taxa representative of diverse assemblages, such as arthropods, is an important objective of many conservation studies. We evaluated the impacts of a wide gradient of disturbance in Gabon on a range of arthropod assemblages representing different feeding guilds. We examined 4 × 10⁵ arthropod individuals from which 21 focal taxa were separated into 1534 morphospecies. Replication included the understory of 3 sites in each of 4 different stages of forest succession and land use (i.e., habitats) after logging (old and young forests, savanna, and gardens). We used 3 complementary sampling methods to survey sites throughout the year. Overall differences in arthropod abundance and diversity were greatest between forest and open habitats, and cleared forest invaded by savanna had the lowest abundance and diversity. The magnitude of faunal differences was much smaller between old and young forests. When considered at this local scale, anthropogenic modification of habitats did not result in a monotonous decline of diversity because many herbivore pests and their associated predators and parasitoids were abundant and diverse in gardens, where plant productivity was kept artificially high year‐round through watering and crop rotation. We used a variety of response variables to measure the strength of correlations across survey locations among focal taxa. These could be ranked as follows in terms of decreasing number of significant correlations: species turnover > abundance > observed species richness > estimated species richness > percentage of site‐specific species. The number of significant correlations was generally low and apparently unrelated to taxonomy or guild structure. Our results emphasize the value of reporting species turnover in conservation studies, as opposed to simply measuring species richness, and that the search for indicator taxa is elusive in the tropics. One promising alternative might be to consider “predictor sets” of a small number of taxa representative of different functional groups, as identified in our study.     

万家寨引黄工程沿线植物群落优势种群分布格局研究

应用扩散系数、聚集指数、平均拥挤度、Green指数、聚集强度和负二项分布的χ2拟合检验等方法,研究了山西万家寨引黄工程优势种群的分布格局,并阐述了各指数间的关系。结果表明:绝大多数自然种群都服从聚集分布,而沙棘、苔草和蒲公英呈随机分布。这主要与物种本身的生态和生物学特性有关,也与物种间的竞争排斥作用有关。在判定物种分布格局的5种方法中,以方差/均值比率和负二项分布的检验联合运用效果较好,不仅生态学意义明显,而且结果具有严格的统计学意义。     

北京市室外空气真菌分布特征

通过定点取样研究北京市空气真菌的种类组成,浓度特征及其动态变化规律.监测结果表明,北京市空气真菌平均浓度为(1164.8±73.2)CFU.m^-3,浓度变异很大,变化范围为23.6～13959.5CFU.m^-3.空气中优势真菌为枝孢属(Cladosporium)、青霉属(Penicillium)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)和无孢菌(non-sporing),其中枝孢属是绝对优势真菌,浓度约占真菌总浓度的1/3以上.文教区和公园绿地空气真菌浓度夏季和秋季较高,春季和秋季较低,而交通干线空气真菌浓度4季变化趋势不明显.文教区和公园绿地空气真菌浓度明显高于交通干线(p<0.05),文教区和公园绿地之间则没有显著差异.