Patterns of plant trait-environment relationships along a forest succession chronosequence

Land-use change due to socioeconomic factors leads to the abandonment of traditional intensive coppice management in large areas of the mountainous landscapes of the Apennines (Italy). In this study we explored the multivariate relationship between plant species traits, stage of forest succession and environmental gradients. We focused on community-level patterns in plant traits of the vegetation of beech forest understory along the regeneration chronosequence initiated after cessation of coppicing. We hypothesized that the correlations between the traits and environmental factors should increase with succession age due to the decreasing role of chance.Landscape-level heterogeneity, i.e. changing elevation, slope, exposition, bedrock and forest stand age was assessed using a stratified random sampling design. Sixty sites were sampled for stand structure and species composition. We focused on 14 plant traits related to persistence, growth and dispersal. The recently developed data-analytical method, Model-Based Recursive Partitioning, was used to disentangle the relationships between patterns of plant traits and environmental gradients.About half (seven) of the studied plant traits showed significant correlations with succession stand age, elevation, inclination, heat index and bedrock. Contrary to the low number of trait-environment correlations in early succession, eight traits showed significant relationships with one or more abiotic factors in older stages of the post-coppice development. Stand age had the highest independent explanatory power, explaining 40% of variance of SLA, more than 17% of variance of short-distance seed dispersal and more than 15% of variance of both long-term connection and extensive perennial root. Among the other abiotic factors, elevation explained 27% of variance of SLA, inclination explained 6-8% of variance of long-term connection, extensive perennial root, thickening and large bud bank.The observed trait-environmental relationship is assumed to be driven by various environmental factors operating at various levels of complexity. While forest succession in relatively homogeneous landscapes might be driven mainly by environmental factors related to forest succession itself and associated abiotic changes (such as changes in light and soil moisture patterns), in heterogeneous landscapes the succession pathways may be structured by landscape-level environmental factors such as inclination. However, in the present study, forest stand age had the highest explanatory power for most of the investigated traits, supporting the assumption of the overall strong impact of succession-driven environmental factors in trait-environment relationships.     

应用多元线性溶剂化能关系研究有机膨润土的吸附特征

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)制备的有机膨润土为代表,设置有机膨润土中CTMAB的负载量为1.0倍的阳离子交换量(CEC),测试了其吸附酚类、胺类、硝基类等25种有机物的有机碳标化的吸附系数(K∝)值.在此基础上,运用多元线性回归方法得到了有机膨润土吸附有机物的多元线性溶剂化能关系(LSER)模型,以明确各种作用...     

浅论环境监测与环境影响评价的关系

环境监测贯穿于整个环境影响评价体系中,环境影响评价又必须由环境监测数据来支撑。在介绍环境监测与环境影响评价的内容及职能基础上,分析了两者的关系,指出了目前环评中环境监测存在的问题,并提出对策建议。     

不同基因型杨树的光合特征与臭氧剂量的响应关系

采用开顶式气室装置研究不同臭氧浓度对3种基因型杨树(‘546’、‘90’和‘84K’)光合作用特征的影响.结果表明,随着O_3浓度的升高,净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、水分利用效率(WUE)、电子传递速率(ETR)、PSⅡ反应中心激发能捕获效率(F'_v/F'_m)、光化学猝灭系数(q P)、PSⅡ实际光化学量子效率(Phi PS2)、叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)、叶绿素总量(Chla+b)和类胡萝卜素(Car)均显著降低,胞间CO_2浓度(c_i)显著升高,气孔导度(G_s)变化不显著.不同基因型杨树各项光合生理指标之间均存在显著性差异,基因型‘546’各项光合指标(除G_s外)与O_3剂量(AOT40,小时O_3浓度大于40nmol·mol~(-1)的累计值)间具有显著的线性相关关系(P0.01),并且光合色素含量随着O_3浓度的升高而显著降低.但高浓度O_3对基因型‘90’和‘84K’光合色素影响不显著.从多数光合特征指标特别是叶绿素总量的O_3剂量线性响应关系来看,基因型‘546’表现出最大的斜率,基因型‘90’次之,基因型‘84K’斜率最小,因而可得知随着O_3浓度升高,三者的臭氧敏感性为‘546’‘90’‘84K’.该研究结果为O_3污染环境下杨树基因型筛选与培育,以及保护杨树免受O_3伤害提供科学依据.     

基于人粮关系的“一带一路”沿线国家土地资源承载力时空格局研究

“一带一路”沿线国家是全球重要的人口集聚区。以人粮关系为主线,从全域到国别研究了1995—2017年沿线国家土地资源承载力时空格局。结果表明：研究期内,（1）沿线国家耕地总量与人均耕地量分别降至6.96×10⁸hm²和2.23亩/人,分别约为全球水平的50%和80%,约80%的国家人均耕地在下降;（2）承载力增至45.95亿人,近90%的国家在提高,但西亚及中东多数国家在下降;（3）地均承载力增至90人/km²水平,约为全球水平的1.5倍,孟加拉国、匈牙利、越南超300人/km²;（4）人粮关系从超载转向临界超载,粮食盈余国家增多,主要为耕地面积广的产粮大国。半数国家土地仍超载,多为气候干旱区与岛屿国家。研究有助于深化与沿线国家的粮食安全合作和提高项目建设布局的科学性。     

Boundary spanners as trust ambassadors in collaborative natural resource management

Collaboration is a growing trend in agency-led natural resource management in the USA, carrying the promise of defusing conflict and incorporating a broader range of stakeholder ideas. However, concerns exist that confrontational or litigious groups may use collaborative forums to their organization's own advantage. We conducted case studies on three collaboratives to understand how these efforts have influenced the behavior of environmental groups who were previously at odds with the managing agency, the US Forest Service. Results suggest that trust between boundary spanners from historically adversarial groups can support a realignment of the accountabilities they feel. As rational, affinitive, and procedural trust developed, boundary spanners began to advocate, within their home organizations, for the collaborative's goals. Key activities driving these realignments included the development of fair and transparent procedures governing the collaborative group, structured interaction designed to build consensus, and planned informal interactions that revealed shared values among collaborative participants.     

A Hydrologic Data Screening Procedure for Exploring Monotonic Trends and Shifts in Rainfall and Runoff Patterns

A thorough understanding of past and present hydrologic responses to changes in precipitation patterns is crucial for predicting future conditions. The main objectives of this study were to determine temporal changes in rainfall‐runoff relationship and to identify significant trends and abrupt shifts in rainfall and runoff time series. Ninety‐year rainfall and runoff time series datasets from the Gasconade and Meramec watersheds in east‐central Missouri were used to develop data screening procedure to assess changes in the rainfall and runoff temporal patterns. A statistically significant change in mean and variance was detected in 1980 in the rainfall and runoff time series within both watersheds. In addition, both the rainfall and runoff time series indicated the presence of nonstationary attributes such as statistically significant monotonic trends and/or change in mean and variance, which should be taken into consideration when using the time series to predict future scenarios. The annual peak runoff and the annual low flow in the Meramec watershed showed significant temporal changes compared to that in the Gasconade watershed. Water loss in both watersheds was found to be significantly increasing which is potentially due to the increase in groundwater pumping for water supply purposes.     

比较2种RAD54启动子调控的全酵母发光细胞对化学诱变原的评价效果

通过分子生物学技术构建2种不同RAD54启动子调控的yEGFP重组报告载体pRAD54￣yEGFP和pRAD54S￣yEGFP,前者启动子DNA为1.8 kb,后者为0.5 kb,分别转入W303￣1A酵母细胞,构建2种启动子调控的发光酵母细胞,用不同化学诱变原作用后,用流式细胞仪和多功能发光仪测定酵母的发光强度。结果发现2种启动子调控的酵母细胞的发光强度均与化学诱变原(甲磺酸甲脂、4￣硝基￣N￣氧化喹啉和5￣氟尿嘧啶)有明显的剂量效应关系,但是W303￣1A/RAD54￣yEGFP剂量效应关系较为明显,产生的最大诱导倍数(5.96、2.19和2.71)明显高于W303￣1A/RAD54S￣yEGFP所产生的最大诱导倍数(2.53、1.50和1.91),可能与启动子序列中转录因子的数量以及转录因子间协同增效作用有关。同时发现,流式细胞仪测定效果明显优于发光仪测定效果。所以在构建RAD54启动子调控重组酵母细胞筛选诱变时,选用全启动子序列效果较好。