双效精馏-吸附联合工艺处理DMF废水

提出以双效精馏-吸附联合工艺处理DMF废水。采用双效精馏将DMF废水中的DMF回收为99.8%以上的产品;采用大孔树脂对双效精馏后产生的少量DMA和DMF进行吸附,使其达到国家排放标准,并例举了该工艺在工程上的应用实例。     

Feasibility Assessment of Basin Solar Stills

The present study assesses the feasibility of exploiting single- and double-basin solar stills in our daily lives. An investigation is carried out to determine the thermal performance and economic viability of making use of solar stills in water desalination. The climatic conditions of Tehran (35°44?N, 51°30?E) are considered to assess the feasibility of the basins. Transient energy and mass balance equations are utilized for modeling the thermal performance. The equations are solved by using fourth-order Runge–Kutta method in FORTRAN. The daily productivities of single- and double-basin solar stills are found to be 5.22 kg/m² and 7.73 kg/m², respectively, while the effect of different water masses (20–100 kg) on the productivity of each system was found to be optimum at 20 kg/m². The results are compared with experimental work performed under different climatic conditions to examine the validity of the feasibility of basins in general. A life cycle cost analysis performed for Tehran, yields that single- and double-basin solar stills have savings-to-investment ratios of 4.2 and 4.8, respectively, indicating that they are economically feasible.     

聚落“双修”视角下乡村振兴路径——以祁东县沙井村为例

在快速城镇化进程中,乡村凋敝对城乡协调和区域可持续发展构成严峻挑战。寻求乡村发展路径是落实乡村振兴战略的重要举措,也是迫在眉睫的核心任务。在厘清乡村聚落物质要素修补与非物质要素修复的聚落“双修”内涵基础上,针对乡村发展面临的系列难题,通过“生态”和“历史文化”资源整合、“人口”“土地”“产业”和“配套设施”的转移及建设,来探究根治“乡村病”的科学模式与振兴路径：对标双修、绿色发展以振兴乡村生态;六位一体、文化繁荣以振兴乡村文化;高效输出、对口回流以振兴乡村人才;横向联合、纵向推进以振兴乡村产业;三治融合、多元共建以振兴乡村组织。以祁东县沙井村规划实践为例,从人、生、文、地、产、设等六方面提出修复修补策略与措施,以达到修复乡村生态、培育乡村文化、恢复乡村社会朝气、振兴乡村产业经济、提升乡村人居环境的目的。     

Phenol degradation in waters with high iodide level by layered double hydroxide-peroxodisulfate: Pathways and products

Recently, layered double hydroxide-peroxodisulfate (LDH-PDS) as an advanced oxidation system can effectively remove organics by the pathway of free radical. However, little has been known if there is a potential risk regarding the formation of high toxic iodine byproducts through another pathway when LDH-PDS is used in high iodide waters at coastal areas. Therefore, this study investigated phenol degradation pathways and transformation products to evaluate both removal mechanism and potential risk by LDH-PDS in high iodide waters. The results showed that in LDH-PDS system, with the degradation of PDS, phenol degraded till below detection limit in 1 hr in the presence of iodide, while PDS and phenol were hardly degraded in the absence of iodide, indicating iodide accelerated the transformation of PDS and the degradation of phenol. What is more, it reached the highest phenol removal efficiency under the condition of 100 mg/L LDH, 0.1 mmol/L PDS and 1.0 mmol/L iodide. In LDH-PDS system, iodide was rapidly oxidized by the highly active interlayer PDS, resulting in the formation of reactive iodine including hypoiodic acid, iodine and triiodide instead of free radicals, which contributed rapid degradation of phenol. However, unfortunately toxic iodophenols were detected. Specifically, 2-iodophenol and 4-iodophenol were formed firstly, afterwards 2,4-diiodophenol and 2,6-diiodophenol were produced, and finally iodophenols and diiodophenols gradually decreased and 2,4,6-Triiodophenol were produced. These results indicated that LDH-PDS should avoid to use in high iodide waters to prevent toxic iodine byproduct formation although iodide can accelerate phenol degradation.     

火工品温湿度加速老化模型和算法研究

目的 研究对火工品适用的温湿度加速模型,以及加速系数计算程序,获取准确的温湿度加速系数外推公式.方法 通过分析国内外使用的各种双因素加速模型的适用性,确定火工品适用的温湿度加速模型,采用免费自由的开源统计分析软件——R软件,对通过加速试验获取的某点火头2种温湿度加速条件下的试验数据,进行单组数据拟合和多组数据拟合两种温湿度加速老化算法的开发,并且对2种算法、3种寿命分布下寿命外推的准确性进行对比分析.结果 确定了Peck模型适合用于火工品的温湿度加速模型,获取了某电点火头对应的温湿度加速系数和湿度项反应速率常数.结论 基于多组数据拟合的温湿度加速老化算法,比基于单组数据拟合的温湿度加速老化算法对试验数据的兼容性好.3种寿命分布中,Weibull分布的加速系数计算结果最保守.     

脉冲激光发射模块电磁屏蔽效能仿真分析

目的 提高脉冲激光发射模块的电磁兼容性。方法 基于腔体的电磁屏蔽机理,使用HFSS软件,建立脉冲激光发射模块腔体模型,以电磁敏感度、电磁干扰2个方面对腔体电磁屏蔽效能进行仿真分析。结果 设计的双层屏蔽腔体在电磁波辐照频率为1~100 kHz时,屏蔽效能达到28 dB;电磁波辐照频率为0.2~18 GHz时,屏蔽效能达到47 dB。结论 当电磁波辐照频率在1~100 kHz时,腔体的屏蔽效能随频率的增加而增大。辐射源外部激励时,双层屏蔽腔体使用外层铁内层铜屏蔽效能较高。电磁波辐照频率在0.2～18 GHz时,腔体的屏蔽效能随频率的增大而减小,且发生了谐振效应。当腔体厚度相等时,双层屏蔽的屏蔽效能高于单层屏蔽。使用电缆连接器代替孔洞进行信号传输时,腔体屏蔽效能增加。     

基于双系统理论的消费者价格判断决策模型

参考价格理论是构建价格判断模型的传统理论,其价格判断模型是一种典型的推理性模型.根据双系统理论,人们的决策应是推理性和直觉性两类过程的交互作用,心理账户理论正是描述直觉性决策的基本理论之一.构建了基于参考价格与心理账户的双系统价格判断决策模型,对不同心理账户数据进行分析发现,被试者的目标价格决策过程具有显著差异.     

Prenatally detected double trisomy: Klinefelter and Down syndrome

Double trisomies are a rare occurrence. We report the first case of a Down and Klinefelter's syndrome (48,XXY,+21) in a fetus that was prenatally diagnosed during the 15th week of pregnancy. Even though the nasal bone was present, and the color-Doppler study of the ductus venosus and the nuchal thickness were normal, the maternal serum test results indicated an increased risk of Down syndrome and consequentially a genetic amniocentesis was performed. A 48,XXY,+21 karyotype was observed and the patient decided to terminate the pregnancy. In this case, we did not find the typical ultrasound (US) signs that would have led us to the chromosomopathy; furthermore, we emphasize the advantages of using biochemical screening which, in our case, were crucial in arriving at the correct diagnosis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

阴离子粘土(LDH)对DNA吸附行为的研究

以4种阴离子粘土做吸附剂,研究了阴离子粘土对DNA的吸附行为.同时,采用XRD、FTIR、UV-vis等表征手段对吸附前后的材料进行研究.吸附结果显示,二元阴离子粘土对DNA的吸附量高于三元阴离子粘土;3:1型阴离子粘土对DNA吸附力强于2:1型阴离子粘土.4种材料对DNA的吸附均符合Langmuir、Freundlich两种吸附等温模型,且Langmuir吸附等温模型拟合度更高,说明阴离子粘土对DNA的吸附为单层吸附.XRD结果显示,吸附前后阴离子粘土基本结构并未发生改变,晶形完好,层间距未有明显变化,表明阴离子粘土对DNA的吸附仅发生在表面,DNA并未进入阴离子粘土层间结构中.UV-vis及电泳结果显示,吸附前后DNA的构型并未发生改变,阴离子粘土的吸附并未对DNA产生较大的影响.     

一株Acinetobacter johnsonii的部分反硝化特性及动力学研究

从实验室A²/O小试设备中分离纯化出一株具有高亚硝酸盐氮（NO₂^--N）积累率的反硝化菌株ZY04,经过16SrDNA鉴定和基因比对后,初步鉴定为Acinetobacter johnsonii.使用Logistic模型可以很理想地拟合菌株ZY04的生长特性曲线,得到生长方程常数a=0.6588,b=24.08,k=0.2413.在维持初始基质中硝酸盐氮（NO₃^--N）浓度为100mg/L的条件下,改变碳源乙酸钠的浓度,使碳氮比（TOC/TN）为3.5,4.5,5.5,6.5,研究菌株ZY04部分反硝化性能,发现该菌株在不同碳氮比条件下均能够保持95%以上的NO₃^--N降解率,在碳氮比为3.5和4.5时,17h后NO₂^--N积累率达到70%以上;在碳氮比为5.5和6.5时,NO₂^--N积累率在更快的11h后达到85%以上,碳氮比为5.5时达到最高NO₂^--N积累率91%.使用Aiba,Edwards和Andrews模型对菌株的基质抑制动力学进行拟合,结果表明,3种模型均可以很好的拟合NO₃^--N和乙酸钠对菌株的单基质抑制动力学,在双基质抑制的9种组合中,有6种模型成功拟合了NO₃^--N和乙酸钠对菌株的双基质抑制动力学,得到了相关半饱和参数和基质抑制参数,相关系数（R²）可以达到98%.