Nano CuO/g-C3N4 sheets-based ultrafiltration membrane with enhanced interfacial affinity, antifouling and protein separation performances for water treatment application

To improve the interfacial affinity and antifouling properties of polyphenylsulfone(PPSU)membrane, nano CuO/g-C3 N4(g-CN) sheets were synthesized via facile calcination route as one pot synthesis method. The uniformly assembled nanohybrid fillers, CuO on g-CN sheets were confirmed by using XRD, TEM, EDX and FTIR analysis. The non-solvent induced phase inversion technique was used to fabricate the nanohybrid ultrafiltration(UF)membranes by doping different concentration(0.5–1 wt.%) of nano CuO/g-C_3 N_4(g-CN)sheets within the PPSU matrix. The results of contact angle, atomic force microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy reveal that surface structure and physico-chemical properties of nanohybrid membrane plays lead role in solute interaction and rejection compared to bare membrane, M0. Furthermore, the interfacial affinity of membrane was explored in detail via surface free energy, spreading coefficient, wetting tension and reversible work of adhesion analysis. Nanohybrid UF membrane, with 0.5% of the filler(M1)displayed remarkable permeation flux of 202, 131 L/m2/hr for pure water and protein solution, respectively while maintaining a high protein rejection(96%). Moreover, the exceptional dispersion of the nanosheets in the polymer matrix enhanced FRR(79%) and decreased the overall resistance of M1 compared to the pristine membrane(M0). Overall results suggest that the incorporation of nano sheets is a facile modification technique which improves the comprehensive membrane performance and holds a great potential to be further explored for water treatment.     

乌鲁木齐主城区不透水层(玻璃表面)有机膜中PAEs的污染特征

采集乌鲁木齐主城区不透水层(玻璃表面)有机膜样品,使用气相色谱法测对样品中PAEs(DMP、DEP、DBP和DEHP)进行分析,探讨不透水层膜中PAEs累积水平、组分特征与空间分布等污染特征。结果表明:乌鲁木齐不透水层(玻璃表面)有机膜中的PAEs以DEP为主,其次是DBP,其他PAEs相对较少;在空间分布上,DMP、DEP、DBP在沙依巴克区含量最高,其次是新市区,水磨沟区含量最低,DEHP与其他PAEs的空间分布略有差异,表现为在新市区含量最高;在功能区分布上,DMP、DEP、DBP均表现为商业区工业区交通密集区居民文教区公园广场区,DEHP与其他PAEs功能区分布略有差异,表现为交通密集区居民文教区商业区工业区公园广场区,PAEs来源的不同是造成其功能区分布差异的主要因素;乌鲁木齐ΣPAEs及不同类型的PAEs含量都高于其卫星城昌吉市3～4个数量级,这从一定程度上揭示出大城市不透水层PAEs的含量可能远大于中小城市。本项研究将有利于深入认识干旱区城市典型介质不透水层中的PAEs富集及其机制,为准确预测PAEs污染趋势及制定相关环境保护政策提供科学依据。     

GO-TiO2改性PVDF复合膜去除微污染水体中氨氮

以氧化石墨烯（GO）、二氧化钛（TiO₂）和氧化石墨烯-二氧化钛（GO-TiO₂）为改性物质,借助真空过滤法对聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）微滤膜进行改性制备复合膜.利用接触角测量仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱、X射线粉末衍射仪等手段探究了复合膜的结构和亲水性.同时选用腐殖酸（HA）作为水中微污染物的代表考察了复合膜的抗污染性能.选择常州滆湖支浜水样作为原水,研究了复合膜在黑暗及紫外光条件下对氨氮的去除效果.结果表明,GO、TiO₂和GO-TiO₂（GT）复合膜均具有优于PVDF膜的亲水性和抗污染性能,黑暗条件下,GO浓度为1mg/mL的GO复合膜氨氮去除率最高,达到26.4%;紫外光条件下,GO和TiO₂间存在协同作用,GO-TiO₂浓度为1mg/mL、GO/TiO₂=3：1的GT复合膜氨氮去除效率达到最佳（58.2%）.     

溶解氧对HLB-MR反应器内有机物的生物絮凝影响

为了研究溶解氧（DO）对高负荷生物絮凝-膜反应器（HLB-MR）内有机物生物絮凝规律的影响,采用平行对比实验,考察了不同DO条件下反应器内有机物的生物絮凝效果、胞外聚合物（EPS）含量、金属阳离子浓度和微生物群落结构.结果表明：DO浓度分别为1~2mg/L和6~8mg/L时,HLB-MR反应器的絮凝效率分别为83%和89%,两反应器内上清液的浊度差别也进一步证实,较高的DO浓度下,反应器的生物絮凝效果更好.DO浓度在6~8mg/L时,HLB-MR反应器内结合态EPS和自由态EPS的含量分别为15.64mg/（g·VSS）和8.71mg/L,两者均显著高于DO为1~2mg/L时的11.83mg/（g·VSS）和6.56mg/L,反应器浓缩液中镁和铝的浓度也均明显高于低DO浓度时所对应的值,这说明在高DO条件下,有更多的EPS与金属阳离子结合而固定在污泥基质中,促进了生物絮凝.高通量测序表明,DO浓度分别为1~2mg/L和6~8mg/L时,HLB-MR反应器内细菌的群落结构差异明显,高DO浓度反应器底泥中Actinobacteria和Saccharibacteria的相对丰度较高,可能对生物絮凝有促进作用.     

基于常规处理的微污染水源水处理工艺改进措施简

我国大部分给水处理厂主要采用混凝-沉淀-过滤-消毒的常规处理工艺,该工艺对有机物、氨氮等去除效果有限,同时存在消毒副产物残留等问题。根据我国经济发展现状,分析了常规处理工艺的改进措施,包括对常规工艺进行强化,在常规处理工艺之前增加预吸附和预氧化,在常规处理工艺之后增加臭氧-生物活性炭吸附、膜处理等。这些措施在保留原处理工艺的基础上,通过调整操作条件或增加处理设施来改善出水水质,具有投资少、见效快的特点。     

Pervaporation of ethanol produced from banana waste

Banana waste has the potential to produce ethanol with a low-cost and sustainable production method. The present work seeks to evaluate the separation of ethanol produced from banana waste (rejected fruit) using pervaporation with different operating conditions. Tests were carried out with model solutions and broth with commercial hollow hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane membranes. It was observed that pervaporation performance for ethanol/water binary mixtures was strongly dependent on the feed concentration and operating temperature with ethanol concentrations of 1–10%; that an increase of feed flow rate can enhance the permeation rate of ethanol with the water remaining at almost the same value; that water and ethanol fluxes was increased with the temperature increase; and that the higher effect in flux increase was observed when the vapor pressure in the permeate stream was close to the ethanol vapor pressure. Better results were obtained with fermentation broth than with model solutions, indicated by the permeance and membrane selectivity. This could be attributed to by-products present in the multicomponent mixtures, facilitating the ethanol permeability. By-products analyses show that the presence of lactic acid increased the hydrophilicity of the membrane. Based on this, we believe that pervaporation with hollow membrane of ethanol produced from banana waste is indeed a technology with the potential to be applied.     

两级序批式反应器运行模式下平板膜污染机理研究

从膜污染物分析、微生物代谢产物EPS、SMP对膜污染的影响等方面,对两级序批式反应器运行模式下的平板膜污染机理进行了试验研究.结果表明,膜表面及膜孔内部存在以球菌、杆菌为主的生物污染,膜表面的无机污染物主要是Fe、Na、Zr、Rb、Ca等化合物在浓差极化的作用下超过其溶解度极限后结晶形成的盐垢,膜表面的有机污染物主要是蛋白质,是形成膜表面凝胶层的主要原因,而蛋白质在膜面为伴随有电子转移的化学吸附,从而引起膜通量严重下降.     

膜系统处理电镀废水实验研究

采用膜系统处理二级排放电镀废水,研究在不同的进水条件与操作条件下,膜系统分离电镀废水中重金属离子及回收废水的效果;研究结果表明:膜系统去除二价及以上重金属离子非常有效,当系统的运行压力为0.65 MPa,进水pH在6～8,进水流量和回流比分别维持在1 m3/h与1.0左右,膜系统对Cr3+、Cu2+、Ni2+去除率分别可达99.3%、98.9%、98.6%;废水回收率达35%,运行成本仅为1.6元/t;运用膜系统处理二级排放电镀废水可产生显著的经济与环境效益。     

Effects of a dynamic membrane formed with polyethylene glycol on the ultrafiltration of natural organic matter

The formation of a dynamic membrane (DM) was investigated using polyethylene glycol (PEG) (molecular weight of 35000 g/mol, concentration of 1 g/L). Two natural organic matters (NOM), Dongbok Lake NOM (DLNOM) and Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) were used in the ultrafiltration experiments along with PEG. To evaluate the effects of the DM with PEG on ultrafiltration, various transport experiments were conducted, and the analyses of the NOM in the membrane feed and permeate were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography, and the effective pore size distribution (effective PSD) and effective molecular weight cut off (effective MWCO) were determined. The advantages of DM formed with PEG can be summarized as follows: (1) PEG interferes with NOM transmission through the ultrafiltration membrane pores by increasing the retention coefficient of NOM in UF membranes, and (2) low removal of NOM by the DM is affected by external factors, such as pressure increases during UF membrane filtration, which decreases the effective PSD and effective MWCO of UF membranes. However, a disadvantage of the DM with PEG was severe flux decline; thus, one must be mindful of both the positive and negative influences of the DM when optimizing the UF performance of the membrane.     

平板膜在污泥浓缩消化处理中的应用研究

采用中试规模的反应器对平板膜-污泥浓缩消化(MSTD)工艺的污泥消化机制和膜污染机理进行了研究.结果表明,经过15d的运行,MSTD工艺的污泥浓度(MLSS)从最初的3.6g/L上升到约34.2g/L,MLVSS和MLSS的消解率分别达到52%和47%,实现了同步浓缩和消化.由于溶解氧的变化,MSTD工艺的消化机制分为好氧消化和类似的厌氧消化2个阶段,分别降解二价金属离子和铁离子连接的2类生物聚合物.在MSTD过程中,平板膜的截留和污泥消化导致污泥性质剧烈变化,从而造成膜过滤性能剧烈下降.MLSS、胞外聚合物(EPS)和溶解性微生物产物(SMP)均对膜污染有显著的影响.