浙江省海岸带优势资源及其组合特点

浙江省海岸带以自然资源集聚、种类众多为其特色，它为振兴浙江经济提供了极为有利的条件。浙江海岸带有六项优势资源，即港口航道资源、水产资源、滩涂土地资源、海洋能资源、旅游资源以及岛屿资源。本文分析了这些优势资源的组合特点，并指出优势资源存在着多宜性、动态性，在开发利用过程中要加以综合规划，统一协调，目的是以期引起有关方面注意，采纳或参考。     

云南省酸雨控制区二氧化硫污染现状及综合防治措施

能源结构的特点,使酸雨控制区的二氧化硫排放量高居不下,"西电东送"将进一步增加酸雨控制区的二氧化硫排放量.必须采取严格的、切实有效的综合防治措施削减二氧化硫排放量,确保"十五"期间酸雨控制区总目标的实现.     

星云湖湖滨带生态建设与水生植被恢复

近年来由于人为活动的影响,星云湖的生态结构遭到了严重破坏,这是导致其污染自净能力下降,从而加速水质恶化的主要内在因素.在2000年3月湖泊水生生态演替调查及其原因分析的基础上,根据湖泊生态学的原理,提出了星云湖湖滨带生态建设与水生植被恢复的建设途径.     

Measurement of effective air diffusion coefficients for trichloroethene in undisturbed soil cores

In this study, we measure effective diffusion coefficients for trichloroethene in undisturbed soil samples taken from Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey. The measured effective diffusion coefficients ranged from 0.0053 to 0.0609 cm2/s over a range of air-filled porosity of 0.23-0.49. The experimental data were compared to several previously published relations that predict diffusion coefficients as a function of air-filled porosity and porosity. A multiple linear regression analysis was developed to determine if a modification of the exponents in Millington's [Science 130 (1959) 100] relation would better fit the experimental data. The literature relations appeared to generally underpredict the effective diffusion coefficient for the soil cores studied in this work. Inclusion of a particle-size distribution parameter, d10, did not significantly improve the fit of the linear regression equation. The effective diffusion coefficient and porosity data were used to recalculate estimates of diffusive flux through the subsurface made in a previous study performed at the field site. It was determined that the method of calculation used in the previous study resulted in an underprediction of diffusive flux from the subsurface. We conclude that although Millington's [Science 130 (1959) 100] relation works well to predict effective diffusion coefficients in homogeneous soils with relatively uniform particle-size distributions, it may be inaccurate for many natural soils with heterogeneous structure and/or non-uniform particle-size distributions.     

太湖藻型湖区CH4冒泡通量

冒泡是甲烷排放的主要途径之一,为量化太湖藻型湖区CH₄冒泡通量及其占总通量的比例,本研究采用静态箱-便携式温室气体自动分析仪方法对春、夏季太湖梅梁湾进行了多日连续观测.结果表明,太湖藻型湖区春、夏季CH₄冒泡通量均存在白天高于夜间的日变化特征.春、夏季CH₄冒泡通量分别为1.843、104.497nmol/（m²·s）,占总通量的比例分别为31.2%和68.6%,即冒泡是夏季CH₄排放的主要方式,而春季CH₄排放则以扩散为主.在小时及日尺度上,CH₄冒泡通量与温度（气温、表面水温和底泥温度）和气压显著相关,且随着温度升高、气压降低,CH₄冒泡排放分别呈指数增加和线性增加趋势.本研究可为准确估算太湖流域CH₄总排放量及明确我国湖泊对全球碳循环的贡献提供重要的基础数据.     

周边土地利用类型对川西平原西河氮素的影响

以四川盆地西部典型农业小流域为研究区,于2015年3月~2016年2月持续监测河流氮素（NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、TN）和pH,结合遥感解译、地理信息系统和相关性分析等技术,探讨了监测断面周边流域土地利用类型与河流氮素及pH值的关系.结果表明,研究区河流氮素浓度的季节变化均表现为冬季最高（2.063mg/L）、春秋次之（1.536mg/L;1.432mg/L）、夏季最低（1.085mg/L）,同时月均NO₃^--N浓度（0.891mg/L）显著高于NH₄⁺-N（0.425mg/L）（P<0.01）,且NO₃^--N受到典型土地利用类型的显著影响.随着缓冲区半径的增加,耕地、城乡建设用地和水域的面积与NO₃^--N和TN浓度相关性逐渐降低,且在250m缓冲区内,城乡建设用地面积与NO₃^--N浓度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;交通运输用地面积与所有氮组分的相关性均增大,且在750m缓冲区内,交通运输用地面积与NO₃^--N和TN浓度呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）.城乡建设用地和交通运输用地可能是河流NO₃^--N的"源".     

Particulate matter pollution in Kunshan High-Tech zone: Source apportionment with trace elements, plume evolution and its monitoring

Particulate matter(PM) in the Kunshan High-Tech zone is studied during a three-month campaign. PM and trace elements are measured by the online pollution monitoring, forecastwarning and source term retrieval system AS3. Hourly measured concentrations of PM_(10), PM_(2.5) and 16 trace elements in the PM_(2.5) section(Ca, Pb, Cu, Cl, V, Cr, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Sr, Ba)are focused. Source apportionment of trace elements by Positive Matrix Factorization modeling indicates that there are five major sources, including dust, industrial processing, traffic,combustion, and sea salt with contribution rate of 23.68%, 21.66%, 14.30%, 22.03%, and 6.89%,respectively. Prediction of plume dispersion from concrete plant and traffic emissions shows that PM_(10) pollution of concrete plant is three orders of magnitude more than that of the traffic. The influence range can extend to more than 3 km in 1 hr. Because the footprint of the industrial plumes is constantly moving according to the local meteorological conditions, the fixed monitoring sites scattered in a few hundred meters haven't captured the heaviest pollution plume at the local scale of a few km~2. As a more intensive monitoring network is not operationally possible, the use of online modeling gives accurate and quantitative information of plume location, which increases the spatial pollution monitoring capacity and improves the understanding of measurement data. These results indicate that the development of the AS3 system, which combines monitoring equipment and air pollution modeling systems, is beneficial to the real-time pollution monitoring in the industrial zone.     

南通沿海潮间带土-气界面CO2交换特征

选择南通协兴港附近裸露潮滩,使用便携式土壤通量测量系统开展潮间带湿地CO₂通量监测,研究无植被覆盖条件下潮间带碳通量特征及其影响因素的关系.实验结果表明,各潮滩CO₂固定水平表现为高潮带 < 中潮带 < 低潮带.低潮带叶绿素a含量较高,对CO₂的吸收能力较强,而高潮带有机碳含量高,微生物呼吸作用释放的CO₂通量较高,研究区整体上表现为对CO₂净吸收.此外,CO₂净固定通量随土壤有机碳含量和落潮时间增加而下降,与土壤叶绿素a含量和地下水位关系密切.研究成果对于明确人类活动对江苏沿海潮间带裸露光滩碳循环的影响具有重要意义.     

利用Google Earth研究构造对喀斯特地貌的控制和对碳酸盐岩岩系风化成土的影响

通过互联网Google Earth欧洲卫星图像资料的观察,发现贵州喀斯特地区碳酸盐岩风化成土能力与地层岩性、构造和地貌等密切相关。二叠系生物礁石漠化显著,成土能力差;三叠系大冶组薄层灰岩成土能力高,很少有石漠化;地层倾角大的碳酸盐岩区,石漠化不显著;地层平缓的碳酸盐岩区,石漠化强或中等,碳酸盐岩风化成土能力中等。另外,大型节理带对碳酸盐岩风化成土具有明显的控制作用,节理带碳酸盐岩溶蚀相对强烈,常形成低洼地形,碳酸盐岩风化成土速率较高,红粘土堆积相对厚,不容易石漠化;而节理带间的区域往往地形较高,是石漠化易发育的区域。     

地质构造对地质灾害的影响研究——以鲁甸县强烈构造变形区为例

通过近一年的野外地质调查、室内资料整理、GIS综合信息模型分析等方法,总结归纳出鲁甸县各类地质灾害的分布特征,并分析阐述了其形成条件和机理,发现地质构造对灾害的分布和形成及易发性有重大影响。