Arsenic removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption on red mud

Use of red mud, which is a waste product from bauxite processing, has been explored as an alternate adsorbent for arsenic in this study. The tests showed that the alkaline aqueous medium (pH 9.5) favored the removal of As(III), whereas the pH range from 1.1 to 3.2 was effective for As(V) removal. The process of arsenic adsorption follows a first-order rate expression and obeys the Langmuir's model. It was found that the adsorption of As(III) was exothermic, whereas As(V) adsorption was endothermic. It would be advantageous to use this residue as an adsorbent replacing polyvalent metal salts.     

拜耳法赤泥的物化特性及污染防控措施研究

为较为全面掌握不同温度条件下拜耳法赤泥的基本物化特性,进而提出相应的污染防控措施。通过XRD、高温煅烧、微观结构扫描等试验手段,得到了该种赤泥在不同温度条件下的矿物组成、微观结构、水分赋存形式以及相应的矿物质演变规律。通过试验结果可知,拜耳法赤泥是一种高含水量、强持水性、低胀缩性的特殊土体,所含矿物质在高温条件下会产生明显的结晶现象。干燥拜耳法赤泥本身的污染性较小,可评价为II类一般固体废物。赤泥内所含水分与硅酸盐水泥水化产物中C-S-H凝胶中水分的存在状态大致相同,长期堆放过程中所产生的渗滤液是一种危害较大的污染物,可评价为危险性废弃物。针对这些研究结果,提出了初步的污染防控措施。     

我国赤泥环境管理现状分析

针对中国氧化铝行业日益严重的赤泥排放及堆存污染防治问题,本文简要介绍了国内赤泥产生、综合利用和堆存的环境管理现状,总结分析了目前赤泥环境管理存在的主要问题,进而提出了相应的对策建议。     

清淤底泥处置中添加粉煤灰/炉渣对重金属生物有效性及毒性的影响

在清淤底泥中添加碱性粉煤灰、燃煤炉渣进行钝化处理后,通过浸出毒性实验、重金属形态分级实验及植物生长实验对底泥基质中重金属的活性及生物有效性进行了研究.结果表明:清淤底泥中添加粉煤灰、燃煤炉渣等碱性物质后显著降低了底泥基质中可溶态重金属含量,其中,交换态、有机结合态Pb、Zn所占比例显著降低;碱性物质的加入缓解了重金属的浸出危害,钝化底泥基质中粉煤灰、炉渣对Cu的稳定率可达90.34%~96.88%;与此同时也抑制了底泥中重金属在植物体内的富集与迁移,降低了重金属的生物有效性.相关性分析表明,底泥基质中交换态重金属含量、浸出浓度、植物茎叶中重金属含量及植物根伸长抑制率之间存在显著正相关关系(p0.01).     

酸浸赤泥制备含碳聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂及其污泥脱水性能研究

以改性淀粉、拜尔法赤泥为原料,制备了含碳聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂(R-CSiAFS),研究其对污泥的脱水性能,并采用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和热重分析仪(TGA)对R-CSiAFS复合絮凝剂进行表征.结果表明,赤泥经硫酸前处理后,总铁(TFe)和Al~(3+)的浸出率分别为81.44%和96.83%.在(Al+Fe)/淀粉质量比为0.55/1,最佳pH=3.0,SiO_2质量分数为0.375%的条件下制得最优R-CSiAFS.利用此絮凝剂进行污泥脱水实验,当投加量为330 mg·L~(-1),污泥体系pH为7.0时,污泥比阻SRF降低了92.3%,沉降比SV30从90.0%降低到79.9%.     

赤泥对土地处理系统中植物除磷效果的影响研究

将赤泥按0％、2.5％、5％、7.5％、10％的重量比例与土壤混合,考察赤泥掺混对土地处理系统中植物除磷效果的影响.结果表明,赤泥从生物量以及磷吸收两方面影响植物除磷.适量的赤泥掺混可提高植物生物量,掺混比为5％时生物量最大.另一方面,赤泥掺混越多,对植物磷吸收的抑制也越大.总体效果上,掺混比例为5％时,黑麦草和高羊茅...     

Acoustic Observations of Bottom Surge From Dredged Material Discharge in the Open Ocean

Bottom surges generated from dredged material discharges in the open ocean have been observed using high frequency acoustic concentration profilers in several field studies during the past five years. the locations, water depths, bottom slopes, oceanographic conditions, and dredged material composition differed from study to study. Observed surges at three dredged material disposal sites may develop more than one surge peak for a single discharge. for water depths of the order of 10 m, surge height of the leading peak was estimated to be about one quarter of the water depth. for water of greater depth, of the order of 100 m, surge height reached 70 m, about 70% of the water depth. Surge height is established instantaneously when dredged material hits the bottom, and remains relatively constant as the surge advances horizontally. Total surge length reached 150 m for water depths of 10 m when measured from the impact point to the leading edge. for water depths of more than 100 m, the surge length reached more than 100 m. Length of the leading surge peak was as large as 45 m at this water depth.

Dimensional analysis was applied to relate the surge height of the leading surge peak to discharge parameters and oceanographic conditions. Results showed that the ratio of surge height to water depth was proportional to 1/10 power of the ratio of discharge volume to the third power of water depth.     

不同类型脱水药剂对底泥固化效果和理化性质的影响

为研究不同类型脱水药剂对疏浚底泥脱水固化等综合作用的效果,以太湖疏浚底泥为对象,选择了微生物类、聚合铁铝盐类、有机聚合物类、有机无机复合类和铝盐微生物复合类这5种类型的复合脱水药剂,以土工管袋固化的方式对疏浚底泥进行为期3个月的固化实验.结果表明,有机聚合物类和有机无机复合类药剂脱水效率较好,1个月后底泥含水率分别降至61.78%和63.26%, 3个月后分别降至40.56%和32.16%.与未固化底泥相比,经过有机无机复合类药剂固化后底泥总氮削减74.82%,达591 mg·kg^-1,主要以铵态氮的减少为主,固化底泥中的磷以铝结合态磷、钙结合态磷和铁结合态磷为主,其中有机无机复合类药剂对活性磷的削减量最大,活性磷含量降至64.3 mg·kg^-1.此外,研究发现有机聚合物类药剂对重金属的固化效果最好,重金属综合生态风险指数降低了51.3%,浸出毒性浓度均远低于标准阈值.有机聚合物类和有机无机复合类药剂对底泥的脱水固化综合效果较好,具有较好的应用前景.     

灞河河道疏浚底泥固化力学特性试验研究

为将灞河右岸岸坡综合治理工程中清除的河道疏浚底泥用作滨河沙坑回填处理材料,选用水泥、高分子吸水树脂(SAP)和三乙醇胺(TEA)对河道疏浚底泥进行固化改性处理,并对不同养护龄期的固化底泥进行了室内直剪试验和固结试验,探讨了固化底泥的强度与变形特征.结果 表明:固化底泥的峰值抗剪强度随着水泥掺量的增加而增大,水泥与0.5...     

Quantal response of Paleomonetes africanus in locally formulated drilling mud lubricants

The toxic potency of three locally formulated drilling mud lubricants against Paleomonetes africanus, a brackish water crustacean commonly found in the oil producing Niger Delta (Nigeria), was evaluated. A 96?h exposure to quantal (lethal) doses of the mud lubricants gave LC₅₀ (median lethal concentration) of 350, 620 and 210?mg?L^?1, respectively. The mud lubricant with the highest molecular weight of 40,000?g?mol^?1 (lubricant 2) had the least toxicity on the organisms, attributable to the reduced rate of diffusion into the vital cells of the test organism. The higher toxicity of lubricant 3 over lubricant 1, despite its higher molecular weight, might be as a result of its higher acid value of 21.60?mg?KOH?g^?1. The results show that the test lubricants would be environmentally friendly within the baseline concentrations and lethal times (LT₅₀) measured.