疏浚底泥改良土壤理化性质促进芦苇快速定植研究

采用盆栽实验考察了湖泊疏浚底泥和河道疏浚底泥不同利用方式下对土壤基底性质的改良进而促进水生植物芦苇快速定植扩繁效果.试验结果表明,湖泊底泥在竹炭改良利用方式下(L-A实验组)可提高芦苇单位面积分蘖数增长率,最高可达(3.06±0.36) m~(-2)·d~(-1),在与绿化土壤混合利用方式下(L-M实验组)可提高芦苇株高,最高达(155.5±0.7) cm;而河道底泥在与绿化土壤混合利用方式下(R-M实验组)芦苇的单位面积分蘖数增长率和株高效果最优,分别可达(4.76±0.18) m~(-2)·d~(-1)和(139.5±3.5) cm.分析原因发现,施加底泥可以明显降低土壤容重,并提高有机质和磷含量,从而促进芦苇分蘖数增长率的提高.基底微生物群落多样性和群落中Micrococcaceae(微球菌)的丰度也显著提高,进一步证实了施加底泥可以改良基底理化性质从而促进芦苇快速定植.     

阳极溶出伏安法连续测定底泥中的总镉和总铅

样品经盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解后，用1＋1盐酸溶解残渣，以高氯酸做支持电解质，采用阳极溶出伏安法的标准加入法，测定样品中的总镉和总铅，取得满意结果。     

临南油田污泥浆回注处理研究

临盘采油厂临南油田针对水质改性后固体废物急剧增加、处理难度大的问题,提出了将污泥浆回注入高渗储层的处理办法,并在夏52-414井进行了现场试验。试验结果表明,当污泥浆浓度为10%时,相当于含污泥15～20t,注入压力可稳定在11MPa。目前每天可以处理污泥浆150～200m3,完全能满足临南联合站全部产出污泥浆处理的要求。同时,在未加任何添加剂的情况下,污泥悬浮性很好,可以保证长时间连续注入的效果。     

PHYSICAL AND CONCEPTUAL SIMULATION OF EFFLUENTS FROM DREDGED MATERIAL CONFINEMENT FACILITIES1

ABSTRACT: Environmental protection dictates that effluents of desired quality should be dischargd from dredged material confinement facilities. In general, this can be accomplished by supplementing the solid-liquid separation obtained by simple sedimentation with appropriate filter systems which provide additional clarification. A methodology to estimate the sedimentation required in a disposal area was developed on the basis of classical sedimentation theories and compared favorably with field data. A procedure was then advanced and documented whereby effluents from dredged material confinement facilities can be successfully modeled for laboratory filtration tests. For these purposes inorganic suspended solids can be simulted reasonably well by adjusting the concentration of commercially available clays, and fresh or saline water environments can be simulated satisfactorily by tap water or sodium chloride solutions, respectively.     

The potential application of red mud and soil mixture as additive to the surface layer of a landfill cover system

Red mud, the by-product of aluminum production, has been regarded as a problematic residue all over the world. Its storage involves risks as evidenced by the Ajka red mud spill,an accident in Hungary where the slurry broke free, flooding the surrounding areas. As an immediate remediation measure more than 5 cm thick red mud layer was removed from the flooded soil surface. The removed red mud and soil mixture(RMSM) was transferred into the reservoirs for storage. In this paper the application of RMSM is evaluated in a field study aiming at re-utilizing waste, decreasing cost of waste disposal and providing a value-added product. The purpose was to investigate the applicability of RMSM as surface layer component of landfill cover systems. The field study was carried out in two steps: in lysimeters and in field plots. The RMSM was mixed at ratios ranging between 0 and 50% w/w with low quality subsoil(LQS) originally used as surface layer of an interim landfill cover. The characteristics of the LQS + RMSM mixtures compared to the subsoil(LQS) and the RMSM were determined by physical–chemical, biological and ecotoxicological methods. The addition of RMSM to the subsoil(LQS) at up to 20% did not result any ecotoxic effect, but it increased the water holding capacity. In addition, the microbial substrate utilization became about triple of subsoil(LQS) after 10 months. According to our results the RMSM mixed into subsoil(LQS) at20% w/w dose may be applied as surface layer of landfill cover systems.     

城市污水厂污泥与海泥制备陶粒的试验研究

城市污水厂污泥与海泥是难以处理的固体废弃物,处理不当将会对环境造成二次污染。通过以污泥、海泥为主要原料,以碳酸钙为发泡剂来制备陶粒,分析各工艺条件对陶粒抗压强度、吸水率、堆积密度等指标的影响,试验结果得出在海泥:污泥:碳酸钙=5:4:1,预热温度350℃,预热时间20 min,焙烧温度1 120℃,焙烧时间10 min时,可以制备出性能良好的陶粒。     

基于二层Borda序值法的泥浆泵风险分析

根据F1600宝石泥浆泵的运行状态,结合专家经验,建立了泥浆泵系统的故障模式与影响(FMEA)分析表,得到了系统存在的11种主要故障模式和29种故障原因。由于泥浆泵FMEA分析表中故障模式对应的故障原因不唯一,泥浆泵风险分析系统具有二层结构,即故障原因是底层风险事件,故障模式是上层风险事件。采用传统的Borda序值法无法对该系统进行风险分析和排序,为此,提出了一种能够对二层风险系统进行风险分析的二层Borda序值法。该方法首先基于传统的Borda序值法对底层风险事件进行风险分析并排序;然后基于底层风险事件的Borda值,采用组合排列技术,将二层的风险系统转化为传统Bord序值法能够解决的单层系统,从而实现上层风险事件的风险排序。将此方法应用到泥浆泵系统的故障风险分析中,分别得到了不同故障模式和故障原因对泥浆泵系统可靠性影响的排序结果。实例研究结果表明,该方法的评估结果与实际情况比较吻合,并且可以使分析定量化,简便可行。     

CaCl_2废液在赤泥脱碱中的应用

采用CaCl_2废液对赤泥进行脱碱处理。分析了脱碱机理,考察了CaCl_2废液对赤泥进行脱碱处理的影响因素。研究结果表明,在赤泥加入量为5 g、CaCl_2废液加入量为4 m L、反应温度为80℃、反应时间为4 h的最佳条件下,Na去除率达75%,脱碱后赤泥中Na的质量分数低于0.8%,脱碱后CaCl_2废液的p H约为7。CaCl_2废液对赤泥进行脱碱处理的脱碱机理为CaCl_2废液中的CaCl_2、Mg Cl2和酸与赤泥中的碱发生离子交换反应,使得赤泥中的Na转化为Na Cl,进入到溶液中,从而脱除赤泥中的碱。     

造纸白泥处理含磷污水

研究造纸白泥去除水中磷酸盐的作用。白泥中含有Ca^2＋,Mg^2＋,Al^3＋等离子可与污水中的PO4^3-发生化学沉淀反应,实现污水除磷的目的。采用正交实验优化得到最佳工艺条件：水温25℃,白泥投放量8g,体系pH为8．反应时间80min。经静态实验处理,无机磷的去除率可达到84％。实验结果表明这种技术除磷效果好,处理成本低,是除磷的有效途径,特别适用于高浓度磷废水。     

污水厂污泥堆肥及制作化肥技术研究与应用

利用污水处理厂脱水后的污泥，经粉煤灰水分调节后进人动态堆肥装置，好氧发酵成为性状良好的腐殖颗粒，然后经过一定工艺制成一种有机-无机复合化肥，其N、P、K含量达到25％，有机质含量大于30％，含水量小于10％，pH值6～8。将化肥用在农田的水稻种植，水稻的亩产量增产11．4％，各项指标均符合国家标准。