钻井泥浆固化处置对土壤环境的影响

针对四川地区油气田产生钻井废泥浆的特点,选取代表性的井场平台,进行现场调查和固化体取样实验,并将量化的数据定性化,得出固化处理钻井废泥浆对环境影响的程度,再通过对较差的井场进行土壤环境质量监测,最终分析钻井泥浆固化处置对土壤环境的影响及应采取的相应措施。结果表明：采取废弃泥浆固化方法效果较好,对周围土壤环境影响小。     

Immobilising of Cd,Pb, and Zn contaminated arable soils close to a former Pb/Zn smelter: a field study in Austria over 5 years

Numerous smelter sites are surrounded by rural land. The entrance of non-essential metals such as lead or cadmium into the food chain is very likely as well as phytotoxicity effects of zinc. Finding a realistic solution for these large-scale contaminations was one aim of this study. Previous results from pot experiments showed a high potential for the reduction of metals entering the food chain via crops grown on smelter-contaminated soils from Arnoldstein, Austria, by the use of amendments for immobilisation. A further aim was to optimise a field experiment for overcoming the gap between pot and field experiments and to look for long-term efficiency of the treatments [lime (CA), red mud (RM), gravel sludge + red mud (GS + RM)]. Field experiment results were obtained for 5 years. Besides soil and soil pore water samples, the following harvests were yielded: spring barley (Hordeum distichon ssp. L.) (2004–2005), narrowleaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) (2006–2007) and velvet grass (Holcus lanatus L.) (2007–2008). The long-term efficiency of GS + RM led us to conclude that their application seems to be a realistic and practical measure for extensively contaminated land, best in combination with metal excluding cultivars.     

Evaluation and application of blast furnace slag as a mud cake modifier

The aim of this research was to reuse blast furnace slag (BFS) as a mud cake modifier (MCM) to improve the annular isolation quality in oil and gas wells. For the optimum formula of drilling fluid, the effects of MCM on the drilling fluid rheology were investigated. The relationship between the MCM addition and shear strength at cement–formation interface (SSCFI) was evaluated. The experimental results showed that the optimized formula of the drilling fluid has 1.0 wt% MCM and 0.5 wt% XY-27. The simulation results showed that SSCFI increased significantly with the addition of MCM. Based on the mechanism analysis of BFS as an MCM to improve SSCFI, it is found that the transformation of mud cake to agglomerated cake can be the main reason. The application results showed that the success rate of five wells reached 100%, and the rate of quality in cement was 100%. Especially, the average high quality rate of five wells reached 83.7%. Compared with conventional methods, the average high quality rate is increased by 32.6% points. This research provides a new way for sustainable utilization of BFS.     

用赤泥捕集二氧化碳

以拜耳法生产氧化铝产生的赤泥为捕集剂,对CO₂进行捕集,考察了液固比、反应温度、搅拌速率、CO₂流量对单位CO₂捕集量（以每克赤泥捕集的CO₂质量计）和赤泥脱碱率（以钠去除率计）的影响。实验结果表明：在液固比为7#x02236;1、反应温度为30℃、搅拌转速为500r/min、CO₂流量为200mL/min的最佳实验条件下,最大单位CO₂捕集量为0.0263g/g,赤泥的脱碱率可达到42.43%。赤泥具有较强的捕集CO₂的能力,因此,利用固体废弃物赤泥吸收工业废气中的CO₂可以达到以废治废的目的。     

钻井废弃泥浆脱水工艺试验

在分析钻井废弃泥浆组成的基础上,对泥浆体系进行稀释、酸化处理,以硅改性聚合氯化铁为破胶剂,阳离子聚丙烯酰胺为絮凝剂,破坏钻井废弃泥浆的胶体体系,采用固液分离方法使泥浆液混凝脱水。试验表明:稀释倍数为4倍、pH值为5、2.5%改性聚合氯化铁为破胶剂、0.25‰阳离子聚丙烯酰胺为絮凝剂、0.8%N-626为去油剂,离心分离后泥饼中石油类含量低于3‰,混凝产生的絮体大、脱水率高、残渣稳定性好、无造浆能力。     

油田钻井废泥浆固化处理研究

文章结合油田的现场实际情况,针对该区钻井废泥浆污染物的特性,研究了固化的最佳工艺条件,并对固化效果进行评价。通过多组固化处理定性对比实验,从多种处理剂中筛选出处理效果较好的水泥、粉煤灰、石灰和黄土作为固化处理废泥浆的固化剂原材料。利用筛选出的固化剂组成,设计正交实验,确定固化剂最佳配方为每100mL泥浆添加10g水泥、20g粉煤灰、8g石灰、15g黄土。影响因素对固化处理效果的影响实验结果表明:当废泥浆固相含量在30%～70%,固化温度在20～40℃之间,固化时间能够满足7d的条件下,固化效果最佳。     

炼钢污泥生产球团的实验技术

通过对瓦斯泥、OG泥、BF-Q灰和SINTER灰的性能分析及对比性实验,对生产的污泥球团进行生球强度、干球强度检测。在满足球团的强度要求下,确定污泥球团的最佳成球条件(成球压力、水分、粘结剂的种类及用量)。     

2-碘芴在鲮鱼(Cirrhina molitorella)中的积累、分布、代谢和排泄

卤代芴是近年发现的新型环境污染物,目前尚无其生态毒理学研究的报道。以~(125)I-2-碘芴(~(125)I-2-IFlu)作为2-碘芴(2-IFlu)的放射性示踪剂,研究了2-IFlu在鲮鱼(Cirrhina molitorella)中的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄过程;同时,以2-溴芴(2-Br Flu)作为2-IFlu的质谱示踪剂,进一步对2-IFlu在鲮鱼体内的生物转化产物进行结构表征。结果表明,鲮鱼对2-IFlu的积累表现为波浪式增长,浓集系数在积累7 d时达到1 251.13。2-IFlu及其代谢产物主要积累在鲮鱼的胆囊部位,峰值时所占比例超过生物总吸收量的60%,此时胆囊的浓集系数达78.85×103。鲮鱼对2-IFlu的排泄具有清晰的快、慢两个排泄阶段,排泄实验开始后短时间内拥有较快排泄速度,残留率降至19.20%,之后转入慢速排泄。快排泄期2-IFlu及其代谢物仍主要分布于胆囊部位,慢排泄期时分布于其余内脏和剩余组织中。对胆汁的甲醇提取物进行薄层层析-放射自显影分析发现,积累4 d时鲮鱼胆汁中的2-IFlu全部以其代谢物形式存在,主代谢产物为3种大极性物质。经质谱确认,鲮鱼胆汁中的2-IFlu代谢主产物为2-IFlu-硫酸酯、2-IFlu-(OH)-硫酸酯、2-IFlu-葡萄糖醛酸和2-IFlu-(OH)-葡萄糖醛酸。表明2-IFlu进入鲮鱼体内后,很快被转化为一相代谢氧化产物,随之发生后续的二相代谢过程进一步转化为极性基团加合的代谢产物,最终排出体外。     

PET-modified red mud as catalysts for oxidative desulfurization reactions

This work describes the synthesis of catalysts based on red mud/polyethylene terephthalate(PET) composites and their subsequent heat treatment under N2 atmosphere.The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),temperature programmed reduction(TPR),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT–IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermogravimetric(TG) analysis and N2adsorption/desorption.The catalysts were evaluated in the oxidative desulfurization reaction of dibenzothiophene(DBT) in a biphasic system.The results indicated that the PET impregnation on red mud increased the affinity of the catalyst with the nonpolar phase(fuel),in which the contaminant was dissolved,allowing a higher conversion(up to 80%) and selectivity to the corresponding dibenzothiophene sulfone.The sulfone compound is more polar than DBT and diffused into the polar solvent as indicated by the data obtained via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS).     

赤泥改良过程中微生物群落及酶活性恢复研究

本研究选用蛭石、粉煤灰为基质改良剂,以园林落叶为改良基质的有机质来源,通过长期取样分析培养基质pH值、EC、CEC等基本理化指标、氮素(NO3--N)含量以及微生物群落功能多样性、群落结构、酶活性等微生物指标的动态变化,来评估赤泥生态修复效果.结果表明,赤泥基质改良处理能显著降低赤泥比重,增加其孔隙率;经近1a的室外培...