用改性赤泥吸附废水中的六价铬

用国内烧结法产生的赤泥作主要原料,以氯化铁为改性剂制得改性赤泥,用其吸附含铬废水中的重铬酸根阴离子。当废水中六价铬的质量浓度为80mg／L时,在环境温度为30℃、改性赤泥投加量为10g／L、pH为2左右的酸性环境中,2h达到吸附平衡,去除率可达96．18％。并且利用Langmuir等温式和Freundlich等温式对其吸附机理进行了探讨,结果表明,氯化铁改性赤泥对重铬酸根阴离子的吸附是通过物理吸附和化学吸附的协同作用来进行的。     

长江源头区孟宗小流域泥石流危害成因与防治对策浅析

通过对长江源头孟宗流域泥石流成因的调查，列举泥石流危害典型事例，分析了泥石流发生的条件和影响因素及其不同侵蚀类型在泥石流成因中所起的作用，并进一步提出了泥石流危害的防治对策。     

碱剂共凝——一元化净化电镀废水装置

在电镀综合废水中投加硫酸亚铁还原六价铬,再用氢氧化钠调节 pH 值到7.8—9,使重金属离子生成氢氧化物,再经过净化器的混凝、沉淀、过滤后,水质达到国家排放标准,并回用作镀前处理清洗用水。在含有多种重金属离子的污泥中投加硫酸亚铁后,经过蒸气加热,空气搅拌生成铁氧体,不致造成二次污染。     

焦作市某赤泥堆放场周围地下水水质评价

焦作市某赤泥堆放场一期工程采用了在堆放场底部铺设赤泥加石灰垫层和防渗膜的工程防渗处理措施.基于其防渗处理现状,文章探讨了该区域地下水对赤泥冲灰水的日最大允许入渗量,和赤泥冲灰水的实际日渗透量.评价了该防渗处理措施的可行性和在地下水日活动量稳定的状况下,该赤泥堆放场对周围地下水的影响.结果表明:将赤泥加石灰垫层用作防渗的措施值得大力推广;该堆放场在使用年限内不会对周围区域地下水水质造成太大的影响.     

我国四个港湾疏浚物石油污染

文中叙述了１９８８￣１９９０年间，我国４个港湾－大连湾、天津港、深圳湾及珠江河段各疏浚区疏浚物中油类污染调查及分布状况。文中介绍了站位布设原则，样品采集、样品处理、分析测试方法。进行了沾污疏浚物油类出溶出实验，认为油类溶出实验是估价疏浚物油类污染的程度的重要手段。讨论了４港湾疏浚物油类污染水平。大连湾海域疏浚物石油污染明显，珠江河段，深圳湾及天津港疏浚物稍受影响，基本上是清洁的。     

Assessment of Contamination By Percolation Of Septic Tank Effluent Through Natural and Amended Soils

Fly ash has been found to be a potential material for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and may be useful in the treatment of septic tank effluent. Laboratory columns (30 cm) were used to determine the sorption capacity and hydraulic properties of lagoon fly ash, loamy sand, sand, and sand amended by lagoon fly ash (30 and 60%) and red mud gypsum (20%). The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was high in all column effluents (71–93%). Extent of nitrification was high in Spearwood sand, Merribrook loamy sand and 20% red mud gypsum amended Spearwood sand. However, actual removal of nitrogen (N) was high in columns containing lagoon fly ash. Unamended Spearwood sand possessed only minimal capacity for P sorption. Merribrook loamy sand and red mud gypsum amended sand affected complete P removal throughout the study period of 12 weeks. Significant P leakage occurred from lagoon fly ash amended sand columns following 6–10 weeks of operation. Neither lagoon fly ash nor red mud gypsum caused any studied heavy metal contamination including manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) of effluent. It can be concluded that Merribrook loamy sand is better natural soil than Spearwood sand as a filter medium. The addition of lagoon fly ash enhanced the removal of P in Spearwood sand but the efficiency was lower than with red mud gypsum amendment.     

疏浚泥固化处理的优化设计研究

将疏浚泥固化处理后的力学性质指标作为优化设计的约束条件,二次污染问题以及造价作为优化的目标函数,建立了固化处理的多目标优化设计模型。通过对固化处理进行优化设计可以解决力学性质、二次污染以及造价三者之间存在的矛盾,为建立系统的固化理论奠定了基础。并采用所建立的优化模型对大亚湾疏浚泥的固化处理进行了优化设计。     

碱渣与生活垃圾混合填埋的实验研究

以碱渣(白泥)和生活垃圾按不同比例混合填埋,模拟真实垃圾填埋场的垃圾降解条件,进行垃圾降解实验以探索白泥存在对垃圾填埋场垃圾降解过程的影响。通过21周的室内模拟实验,垃圾填埋时填加白泥可以提高渗滤液出水的pH值和电导率DS值,降低出水的COD值。得出垃圾填埋时加入适量白泥是经济有效的固体废弃物处理处置方法的结论。     

白泥烟气脱硫技术与燃煤电厂工程应用

系统地考察了白泥的物化特性、白泥脱硫浆液的特性,并对w（白泥浆液）、pH等因素对脱硫性能的影响进行了研究.在国电肇庆热电有限公司2×350 MW超临界锅炉机组上开展了工程化应用研究,对比研究了白泥脱硫与传统石灰石-石膏法脱硫的性能与石膏副产物特性.结果表明:w（白泥浆液）和pH对脱硫效率影响较为明显,w（白泥浆液）低于12.5%的条件（5.0%、8.0%）下,pH由10.0减至6.0时,脱硫效率逐渐减小;w（白泥浆液）为12.5%的条件下,pH对脱硫效率的影响基本可以忽略;在三层浆液喷淋填料塔内,液气比为8 L/m3,空塔气速为0.4 m/s,脱硫效率最高可达96.7%以上.350 MW燃煤电厂白泥脱硫工程应用结果表明,采用单塔双循环工艺,在运行负荷为240~249 MW范围内,ρ（SO₂）为1 948~1 999 mg/m3的条件下,白泥脱硫的效率（99.25%~99.49%）优于石灰石-石膏法（99.18%~99.20%）;白泥作为脱硫剂时,烟气出口ρ（SO₂）最低仅为10 mg/m3,可满足超低排放标准对SO₂控制的要求.研究显示,与石灰石-石膏法生成的石膏副产物相比,白泥脱硫石膏在酸不溶物、含水率等指标及外观方面基本接近,符合建材制品要求,满足副产物资源化要求.      

Ca and OH release of ceramsites containing anorthite and gehlenite prepared from waste lime mud

Lime mud is a kind of solid waste in the papermaking industry, which has been a source of serious environmental pollution. Ceramsites containing anorthite and gehlenite were prepared from lime mud and fly ash through the solid state reaction method at 1050°C. The objective of this study was to explore the efficiency of Ca^2 + and OH⁻ release and assess the phosphorus and copper ion removal performance of the ceramsites via batch experiments, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that Ca^2 + and OH⁻ were released from the ceramsites due to the dissolution of anorthite, gehlenite and available lime. It is also concluded that gehlenite had stronger capacity for Ca^2 + and OH⁻ release compared with anorthite. The Ca^2 + release could be fit well by the Avrami kinetic model. Increases of porosity, dosage and temperature were associated with increases in the concentrations of Ca^2 + and OH⁻ released. Under different conditions, the ceramsites could maintain aqueous solutions in alkaline conditions (pH = 9.3–10.9) and the release of Ca^2 + was not affected. The removal rates of phosphorus and copper ions were as high as 96.88% and 96.81%, respectively. The final pH values of both phosphorus and copper ions solutions changed slightly. The reuse of lime mud in the form of ceramsites is an effective strategy.