铝矿赤泥强化聚合氯化铝混凝除磷试验研究

对聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加赤泥前后的除磷效果及絮体进行了研究.结果表明,赤泥对PO3-4有吸附作用;投加一定量赤泥,提高了实验室模拟废水和实际污水中磷的去除率;与单用PAC相比,赤泥的加入增强了絮体的持磷性,增加了絮体的密实度,缩小了底泥的体积,强化了PAC的除磷性能.     

Quantification of the Erosion Resistance of Undisturbed and Remoulded Cohesive Sediments

Cohesive sediments besides their typical heterogeneity are characterised by structural discontinuity. Particularly, organic consolidated muds are a good example of sediments that consist of vast aggregates, pore water and gaseous products. The texture of a cohesive sediment bed is a result of a number of mutually affecting factors, such as deposition history, mineral and organic composition, kind of biota and oxygen uptake. The presented work attempts to quantify the effect of sediment physical properties and sediments structure on the sediment erosion potential, considering incipient motion and erosion rate. This quantification is made on the basis of comparative testing of both unremoulded and remoulded samples of a river mud. Due attention is paid to sediment handling to preserve the delicate structure of the sediment for the laboratory experiments. Mud with two degrees of consolidation has been examined in a tilting flume under different flow situations. The test results show a typical increase of erosion strength with dry matter concentration of the mud. It has also been found that the structural properties increase the erosion strength for the less consolidated mud. An opposite effect has been recorded for a more consolidated deposit. As a consequence, due to the sediment structure, the original beds differ much less in erosion resistance in relation to the dry mass concentration than their disturbed analogues. Finally, the erosion resistance of the examined mud is compared with data from the literature.     

新型无机复合混凝剂的制备及脱色效果研究

了以铝厂赤泥为原料制备无机复合凝凝剂的工艺,以制备过程中酸溶尼所用的盐酸浓度、酸溶时间和聚合ＰＨ等进行了优化。直接耐酸大红溶液和分散黄溶液的脱色以试验结果表明,此种混凝剂的脱色效果优于聚合氯化铝和聚合硫酸铁。     

中原油田污水处理新技术

中原油田污水处理所用处理剂导致高成本、高污泥量,研制利用新药剂替代原用药剂。实验结果表明：新药剂成本低,产生的污泥量少,水质稳定性强,处理后的水完全达到回注水的水质要求。     

东海泥质区表层沉积物中有机氯农药的分布

以GC/ECD内标法定量测定了东海近岸泥质区、远岸济州岛西南泥质区和冲绳海槽共19个表层沉积物样中21种有机氯农药的含量.结果表明,有机氯农药在所有样品中均有检出,东海泥质区已有人类污染物的明显记录.研究区平均总有机氯农药分布特征为沿岸泥质区南部>沿岸泥质区北部>冲绳海槽>济州岛西南泥质区.冲绳海槽中HCHs含量高且其分布特征显著区别于陆架泥质区,显示该区域这一污染物源可能与陆架区有所不同.(DDD+DDE)/DDT比值显示东海泥质区DDT类农药的污染物还比较新.与国内其他地区沉积物中有机氯农药含量相比,东海泥质区有机氯农药污染属较低水平.     

赤泥和污泥对土壤锌化学形态转化的影响

通过土壤室内培养实验,研究了赤泥和污泥对土壤中Zn化学形态转化的影响。研究表明:单独使用赤泥可以有效降低土壤中植物可利用态Zn含量,促进可交换态(EXC)、碳酸盐结合态(CA)、有机结合态(OM)转化为残渣态(RES),而污泥对Zn的固稳效果是暂时的。赤泥和污泥的一起使用较单独使用赤泥或污泥固稳Zn的效果好,既能促进有效态重金属Zn转化为不可利用态Zn,又能增加土壤肥力。     

酸活化赤泥催化臭氧氧化降解水中硝基苯的效能研究

以铝工业废物赤泥为原料,采用酸化的方法活化赤泥,提高其在多相催化臭氧氧化除污染体系中的催化活性,并对其催化臭氧除污染效能及机制进行探讨.研究发现,和赤泥原矿相比,酸化赤泥表现出十分显著的催化能力;酸化赤泥(RM6.0)催化臭氧氧化硝基苯的去除率随臭氧浓度的增加而增加;当臭氧浓度由0.4 mg.L-1增加至1.7 mg.L-1时,硝基苯的去除率由45%提高到92%.溶液pH对RM6.0催化体系利用臭氧能力的影响与其催化臭氧氧化降解NB的影响表现出一致的结果.初始pH变化所带来的RM6.0催化活性的变化,主要是由于体系中氢氧根浓度的变化,导致臭氧分解形成羟基自由基所致;过高pH值导致的羟基自由基的猝灭显促使RM6.0催化臭氧氧化NB活性的降低.通过RM6.0对臭氧的利用能力及羟基自由基抑制实验结果发现,RM6.0催化臭氧降解NB的主要作用机制是催化剂表面吸附臭氧,实现臭氧在催化剂表面的富集,进而实现对NB有机污染物的氧化降解.在这个过程中羟基自由基是存在的,主要是在臭氧与硝基苯在界面氧化过程中分解而成,并进一步氧化NB.     

Life-Cycle Impact Assessment of oil drilling mud system in Algerian arid area

The objective of this work is to assess the environmental impacts of the drilling mud system in Algeria's arid region. Water-based mud (WBM) and oil-based mud (OBM) are used during well drilling in Hassi Messaoud petroleum field, and have a considerable pollution potential particularly on the aquifer system which constitutes the single resource of drinking water in the Sahara. The Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach is applied to evaluate the impacts of several drilling mud systems across all stages of their life cycle, e.g. use, treatment and disposal. Environmental impacts of five treatments scenarios corresponding to the drilling waste management applied in Hassi Messaoud are compared: reserve pit without treatment (burial option), secondary high centrifugation (vertical cuttings dryer), stabilisation/solidification online, stabilisation/solidification off line and thermal desorption. The impact assessment is carried on using the LCIA models of Impact 2002+ method in SIMAPRO7 software. This assessment identifies human toxicity and terrestrial eco-toxicity as the major impact categories in this specific arid context and quantifies the emissions contributions. The local environmental impact is the most important of the drilling mud life cycle and is mainly linked to emissions from reserve pits, treated cuttings, and drilling phase 16″ through the Turonian and Albian aquifer. The main contributing substances are aromatic hydrocarbons fraction and metals in particular barium, zinc, antimony, arsenic, and aluminium. Concerning the comparison of the treatment scenarios, it appears that stabilisation/solidification online is the best one; it has the lowest impact score in the two dominating categories because of the waste minimisation: mud storage avoided in the reserve pit. The second best scenario is the thermal desorption which obtains the lowest impact score in carcinogen effects due to hydrocarbons reduction (<1%) and avoided impacts of recovered oil. The toxic substances fate modeling will be improved by taking into account their site-specific impact.     

长江汉口边滩防洪及环境综合治理的研究

武汉市国管院批准的防洪重点城市，长江武汉河段是重点治理河段之一。该河段河道演变复杂，洲滩冲淤，是影响主流，航道变迁及汛期泄洪。左岸汉口边滩上密集的房屋，杂乱无序，成为行洪障碍及污染污染源，破坏环境及景观。市政府决定实施防洪及环境综合治理，该工程属省，部级重大科研项目。从定，动床河工模型试验及环境保护进行分析研究。定床试验，研究工程实施后，本河段的水位，流速，流态及天兴洲左右汊分流比的变化；动床试验，研究在不同典型水文年条件下的河势，河道冲淤变化及疏浚区的回淤回，为治理方案的优化比选及工程决策提供科学依据。这是长江干流滨江城市河道整治的先声，是城市规划建设中环境保护工程实施的首例，意义非常和重大。     

电石泥、电石渣浆液联合脱硫工艺

为了提高锅炉的脱硫效率,重点阐述了利用PVC工序的废渣和废浆液进行锅炉脱硫的全新的工艺。这种联合脱硫收到了意想不到的效果,实为这一领域的最新尝试。