基于CFD的深水钻井溢油事故定量风险评估

针对深水钻井作业过程中的井喷溢油问题,基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法,通过UDF函数给定海流流剖面、波浪入口边界条件和海水静压分布情况,结合标准k-ε方程,采用VOF模型实现对油、气、水三相自由面的追踪,建立了溢油扩散事故数值仿真模型,评估深水条件下溢油扩散危害区域,研究海流流速、溢油量对原油扩散的影响。结果表明,海流流速和溢油量是原油扩散行为和危害区域分布范围的重要影响因素。     

新疆油田钻井井喷风险分级及井控管理

为了减少新疆油田钻井溢流井喷事件,杜绝井喷失控事故,在统计新疆油田影响钻井井喷风险的地质环境因素的基础上,利用模糊数学理论建立了油田基于地质环境因素的钻井井喷风险分级模型,对各个区块的钻井井喷风险程度进行了分级,结果表明南缘山前构造勘探开发区块及克拉美丽气田的钻井井控风险值最高。建议对新疆油田钻井井控进行分级管理,针对不同的钻井井喷风险等级,制定了针对性的井控对策,建议在井控设计时考虑钻井井喷风险分级设计。     

Emerging conservation challenges and prospects in an era of offshore hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation

Globally, extensive marine areas important for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning are undergoing exploration and extraction of oil and natural gas resources. Such operations are expanding to previously inaccessible deep waters and other frontier regions, while conservation‐related legislation and planning is often lacking. Conservation challenges arising from offshore hydrocarbon development are wide‐ranging. These challenges include threats to ecosystems and marine species from oil spills, negative impacts on native biodiversity from invasive species colonizing drilling infrastructure, and increased political conflicts that can delay conservation actions. With mounting offshore operations, conservationists need to urgently consider some possible opportunities that could be leveraged for conservation. Leveraging options, as part of multi‐billion dollar marine hydrocarbon operations, include the use of facilities and costly equipment of the deep and ultra‐deep hydrocarbon industry for deep‐sea conservation research and monitoring and establishing new conservation research, practice, and monitoring funds and environmental offsetting schemes. The conservation community, including conservation scientists, should become more involved in the earliest planning and exploration phases and remain involved throughout the operations so as to influence decision making and promote continuous monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystems. A prompt response by conservation professionals to offshore oil and gas developments can mitigate impacts of future decisions and actions of the industry and governments. New environmental decision support tools can be used to explicitly incorporate the impacts of hydrocarbon operations on biodiversity into marine spatial and conservation plans and thus allow for optimum trade‐offs among multiple objectives, costs, and risks.     

高突矿井大采高工作面瓦斯抽采技术及实践

为解决大采高厚煤层工作面回采期间瓦斯超限难题,应用顶板走向长钻孔中位钻孔和下临近层底板定向长钻孔等瓦斯抽采措施,对回采面瓦斯进行了多源头治理。通过对顶板走向长钻孔的抽采效果考察,确定其垂直层位为40±5 m范围、水平层位为50±10 m范围为最佳瓦斯抽采区域;中位钻孔合理的垂直层位为20 m左右,水平层位为45~50 m范围抽采效果最佳;下临近层底板定向长钻孔是拦截下部5#煤和7#煤向上部采掘空间涌出瓦斯的有效手段,其最佳的水平层位为距巷道轮廓线20 m范围,垂直层位为钻孔布置在下临近层煤层中。通过对3种不同瓦斯治理措施的综合评价考察,确定顶板走向长钻孔是治理回采面最为有效的措施,其抽采量占工作面回采期间总抽采量的79.6%,中位钻孔抽采和下临近层底板定向长钻孔抽采是回采面回采期间的辅助性措施。措施使用后,工作面上隅角瓦斯浓度保持在0.4%~0.6%之间,有效保证了工作面的安全高效回采。     

废钻井液污染分析及处理方法的探讨

为解决废钻井液对周围环境的污染,介绍了废钻井液的成分及对环境的影响,分析了国内外废钻井液处理方法的优缺点,详细阐述了中原油田结合本单位情况,用无害化处理技术处理废钻井液的方法和效果。试验表明：无害化处理剂中的各组分与废钻井液中各污染因子发生化学和物理作用,经３～５个月固化后可以达到无害化处理的目的。分析认为：中原油田钻井废弃物无害化处理技术是切实可行的。     

钻井废液的O_3/H_2O_2深度氧化处理研究

针对钻井废液COD高,成分复杂,难降解的特点,对经过破胶分离后的废水进行O3预氧化-中间混凝-O3/H2O2深度氧化处理工艺,考察了处理过程中pH值、O3与H2O2的加量、反应时间等。结果表明,当体系pH值为12,O3流量0.2m3/h,H2O2的加量700mg/L,反应时间50min时,原水COD由1462mg/L降至142mg/L,去除率高达90.28%。     

钻井废弃物治理技术的研究

阐述了东辛采油厂钻井废弃物来源及其处理现状,介绍了几种现有钻井废弃物处理工艺,在钻井废弃物治理技术上进行了探索与实践。     

废弃钻井液固化处理pH值控制措施

提出了在原有固化处理技术的基础上,根据钻井泥浆原样pH值的高低,在固化材中适量加入酸性盐类混凝剂有效控制pH值的方法。采用此方法后,废弃钻井液的固化处理效果好,能够满足环保标准要求。     

海上钻井废弃物集中处置技术及工程化应用

针对海上钻井废弃物,从来源及危害出发,介绍了海上钻井废弃物的集中贮存特点,概述了钻井废弃物集中处置一般流程,分析了钻井废弃物集中处置过程中存在的一些难点问题及解决方法,整理了目前常见的钻井油泥/岩屑环保处置技术及应用情况。     

石油钻井废水处理研究进展

本文简述了处理石油钻井废水的研究现状,综述了常用的处理方法并对各种方法适用的范围以及优势和不足进行了分析。