矿山重大事故应急预案编制结构与问题分析

通过分析我国矿山的基本情况和典型事故灾难引发的严重后果,借鉴、总结城市应急救援预案编制技术和事故现场应急救援的实践经验,笔者提出编制矿山重大事故应急救援预案的基本结构,即应急准备、应急响应和预案管理,指出目前矿山重大事故应急救援预案编制过程中存在的问题,为矿山企业编制重大事故应急救援预案提供参考。     

化学破乳法在钻井废水处理中的应用综述

针对钻井废水含油量高、化学需氧量高、悬浮物浓度及色度高的特点,综述了化学破乳法在钻井废水处理中的应用,详细阐述了化学法破乳的机理、絮凝剂的种类和性能。并提出絮凝剂逐渐由无机向有机和天然高分子化合物,由单一型向复合型转化的发展方向。     

基于响应面法的煤矿钻孔随钻超声成像仪器受力部件优化设计*

摘要:为研制适用于煤矿瓦斯抽采钻孔、满足施工强度要求的小尺寸随钻超声成像仪器，对随钻超声成像仪器的关键受力部位——超声探头安装孔进行优化设计，分析煤矿瓦斯抽采钻孔的一般规格，建立超声探头安装孔的三维模型，确定关键参数类型及其取值范围，采用极差分析法找到对受力部件强度影响较大的参数，基于响应面法开展有限元数值模拟，运用Box-Behnken设计方法得到超声探头安装孔关键参数与仪器受力部件性能指标的关系，优化受力部件关键参数的数值。结果表明:优化前最大的等效应力为138.6 MPa，优化后受力部件最大等效应力较优化前降低9.05%。结论验证了设计方法的有效性，为煤矿抽采钻孔随钻测井仪器的研制提供思路。     

浅谈危险化学品事故应急救援预案的演练

做好应急预案的演练工作,需要制定较完善的应急预案,成立权威性的救援机构,配备能充分理解和掌握预案的救援人员,培养一支称职的救援队伍,并针对预案做好培训和宣传。为了使应急救援能够真正在事故发生时起到减少损失的作用,必须通过演练,通过设定切合实际的事故模型,提高处置突发事件的组织指挥、配合响应、物资供给、技术支持及心理素质等方面的综合能力,进一步提高安全保障系数精心组织,合理利用救援资源。演练结束要总结经验,进一步完善预案。     

Life-Cycle Impact Assessment of oil drilling mud system in Algerian arid area

The objective of this work is to assess the environmental impacts of the drilling mud system in Algeria's arid region. Water-based mud (WBM) and oil-based mud (OBM) are used during well drilling in Hassi Messaoud petroleum field, and have a considerable pollution potential particularly on the aquifer system which constitutes the single resource of drinking water in the Sahara. The Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach is applied to evaluate the impacts of several drilling mud systems across all stages of their life cycle, e.g. use, treatment and disposal. Environmental impacts of five treatments scenarios corresponding to the drilling waste management applied in Hassi Messaoud are compared: reserve pit without treatment (burial option), secondary high centrifugation (vertical cuttings dryer), stabilisation/solidification online, stabilisation/solidification off line and thermal desorption. The impact assessment is carried on using the LCIA models of Impact 2002+ method in SIMAPRO7 software. This assessment identifies human toxicity and terrestrial eco-toxicity as the major impact categories in this specific arid context and quantifies the emissions contributions. The local environmental impact is the most important of the drilling mud life cycle and is mainly linked to emissions from reserve pits, treated cuttings, and drilling phase 16″ through the Turonian and Albian aquifer. The main contributing substances are aromatic hydrocarbons fraction and metals in particular barium, zinc, antimony, arsenic, and aluminium. Concerning the comparison of the treatment scenarios, it appears that stabilisation/solidification online is the best one; it has the lowest impact score in the two dominating categories because of the waste minimisation: mud storage avoided in the reserve pit. The second best scenario is the thermal desorption which obtains the lowest impact score in carcinogen effects due to hydrocarbons reduction (<1%) and avoided impacts of recovered oil. The toxic substances fate modeling will be improved by taking into account their site-specific impact.     

煤层干式钻进粉尘扩散规律的研究

针对煤层干式钻进过程中粉尘污染严重的问题,分别对新庄孜矿c13煤层及10煤层干式钻进粉尘的分散度和煤的硬度进行测定,分析对比2煤层钻进时粉尘在3 m/s风速下的浓度分布情况;并针对C13煤层,在1.5 m/s,2.3 m/s和3 m/s的风速下测定粉尘浓度分布情况.根据粉尘浓度的实测数据,分析煤层干式钻进粉尘扩散规律....     

抗高温环保钻井液体系研究

文章选择清洁环保的钻井液处理剂进行抗高温钻井液体系实验研究与评价,对包被增粘剂、降失水剂等进行优选,对抗高温环保钻井液配方进行评价,研究出无毒、无害,抗温能力强、流变性好,失水较低的钻井液体系,现场应用满足高温深井的钻井生产要求。     

顶板走向高位钻孔瓦斯抽采技术的研究及应用

为了解决由于采空区及邻近煤层瓦斯的涌人而造成的工作面上隅角瓦斯超限问题,提出了运用顶板走向高位钻孔瓦斯抽采技术,对采空区及邻近煤层瓦斯进行抽采,进而解决上隅角瓦斯超限问题的方法。利用分源预测法对工作面瓦斯涌出源进行了分析,并理论计算了采空区冒落带和裂隙带的高度范围,结合矿井具体情况,确定了合理的高位钻孔参数,并对作用效果进行了现场考察。研究表明：高位钻孔瓦斯抽采技术,能有效地解决工作面上隅角瓦斯超限问题,降低回风流中瓦斯体积分数,并提高了工作面的推进速度,有效地保证了工作面的安全回采。     

岛屿钻井作业的安全联动报警系统

针对石油钻井行业岛屿作业环境的高风险性,在分析岛屿钻井作业安全现状的基础上,对其重大危险源进行了分析,并提出了构建安全联动报警系统,以保证岛屿钻井作业的安全生产。     

浅析石油钻井作业的风险分析和应用

从桌面分析、现场分析和分析应用3个阶段对石油钻井风险进行阐述,并概括各阶段的实施过程及特点。