煤层注水除尘技术在综掘工作面中的应用

煤巷综掘工作面生产过程中产生大量的煤尘,采掘工作面煤层进人断层和褶皱发育的地带,倾角较大的和厚度大的矿层,其产尘量一般比较大,严重影响煤矿的安全高效生产。为了保障矿井工作人员的身体健康,使作业场所粉尘浓度达到国家规定的要求,实现安全生产,以煤巷综掘工作面为试验研究对象,对煤层注水除尘技术进行了探讨,详细的叙述了其注水工艺,对比了注水前后的粉尘浓度的参数的变化,进行注水工作之后,浮尘达到稳定状态的距离提前了10m左右,煤体含水率随注水钻孔的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势,对今后的煤层注水除尘工作提供了指导。     

山东半岛北部海岸带城乡聚落扩展变化特征与驱动力分析

改革开放以来,山东半岛北部海岸带地区经济发展迅速,城乡聚落扩展明显,快速城镇化过程对区域土地利用和生态环境产生了深刻影响,因此,及时掌握城乡聚落的时空分布和变化特征对于区域可持续发展具有重要意义。论文以RS技术为主要手段,目视解译获取了研究区1986、1992和2004年3个典型时期的城乡聚落空间分布信息,并以此为基础,借助城镇扩展指数、重心、分形维数等指标,定量分析了城乡聚落的扩展特征,进一步探讨了扩展变化的影响因素。结果表明,研究时段内,城乡聚落扩展明显,其重心表现出从东南向西北转移的态势,并且扩展随意性非常大。在此基础上,进一步探讨了地区GDP、人口城市化率和固定资产投资等社会经济因素对城乡聚落扩展的影响。     

城市高速发展对徐州地下水环境演化的驱动作用

20世纪70年代后期,徐州市进入城市高速发展时期,生产生活用水量逐年增大,地下水常年处于超采状态,地下水环境演化趋势偏离正常轨道,局部呈现恶化的态势,主要表现在地下水动力场演化、地下水化学场演化和地质灾害负环境效应三方面。徐州市地下水环境演化轨迹和城市高速发展的相关分析结果和拟合函数表明,城市高速发展对地下水环境的演化具有明显的线性驱动作用。本文详细分析了这种驱动作用并提出了城市与地下水环境和谐可持续发展的对策。     

Prevalence and trends of distracted driving in Canada

Introduction: This study evaluates prevalence and trends in distracted driving in Canada based on multiple indicators collected from the Road Safety Monitor (RSM) and Canada’s National Fatality Database maintained by the Traffic Injury Research Foundation (TIRF). Method: Data from the RSM on self-reported distracted driving behaviors were analyzed using multivariate techniques including logistic regression analysis in various years spanning from 2004 to 2019. Data from TIRF’s National Fatality Database from 2000 to 2016 were also analyzed using piecewise regression analysis to evaluate trends and prevalence of driver distraction. Results: Significantly more Canadians reported talking on their phone hands-free or handheld phone while driving in 2019 compared to 2010. There was a 102% increase in the percentage that reported texting while driving in 2019 (9.7%) compared to 2010 (4.8%). For every 10-year increase in age, drivers were 44% less likely to text, 38% less likely to use a handheld phone, and 28% less likely to use a hands-free phone. Males were 62% more likely to use a handheld phone and 50% more likely to use a hands-free phone than females. Findings related to drivers’ perceived danger of distracted driving and attitudes are also presented. Although the number of distraction-related fatalities has not increased substantially from 2000 to 2016, the percentage of all fatalities where distraction was a contributing factor has increased. Unlike drinking drivers, distracted drivers more often kill other road users in crashes than kill themselves. Conclusions: In conclusion, while most Canadians appear to understand that one of the high-risk forms of distracted driving (i.e., texting while driving) is indeed dangerous, there is a minority who are unaware of, or resistant to, this fact. Practical Applications: Enforcement activities and education initiatives to combat distracted driving ought to be tailored to the target audience based on the patterns uncovered.     

考虑采空区压实效应的沿空掘巷煤柱设计方法研究*

为建立1种相对科学的沿空掘巷煤柱尺寸设计方法,采用理论与数值试验研究、现场试验等手段,基于采空区压实效应,分析各尺寸煤柱沿空掘巷掘采全过程围岩应力分布与变形。研究结果表明:采空区压实效应模拟研究方法能够模拟采空区应力恢复;掘巷过程中,煤柱内应力由小到大依次为:工作面倾向水平应力、工作面推进方向水平应力、垂直应力,在小尺寸煤柱内呈偏向采空区一侧的单峰分布,小尺寸煤柱逐渐向大尺寸煤柱过渡期间,内部应力量值开始比原岩应力小,随后逐渐增加至出现一定的应力集中,而实体煤帮中峰值应力不断降低,位置逐步向巷帮转移;受超前采动作用后,更大面积的煤柱会受高应力作用,大尺寸煤柱内垂直及水平应力集中系数逐步提高,工作面倾向的高应力区范围更广,当煤柱宽度不超过一定数值时,内部应力大小均低于掘巷过程中相应数值,大煤柱则具有相反的规律,实体煤帮中应力集中系数与掘巷时相比更大,峰值点向围岩深处进一步转移;研究结果通过工程实践检验,可为合理煤柱尺寸设计提供1种新的方法。     

California's graduated driver license law: Effect on teenage drivers' deaths through 2005

PROBLEM: While many researchers believe Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) laws save lives by imposing restrictions and delayed licensure on drivers under age 18, longer term effects on older teenagers have not been studied. METHOD: The effects of California's strict GDL law on deaths of drivers ages 16-19 were analyzed for 1995-2005 using Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR) and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) time series analysis of Fatality Analysis Reporting System mortality data. RESULTS: The two methods yielded similar results. IRR analysis found California 16-year-old drivers subject to the GDL experienced a 15% fatality decline (95% CI, 0.70-0.99), while 18 year-old drivers experienced a 15% increase (95% CI, 1.02-1.27). ARIMA analysis found 16 year-old drivers experienced a near-significant 20% fatality decline (p=0.07), while 18 year-olds experienced a 24% increase (p=0.01). Unlicensed teenage drivers and older teen drivers driving alone and transporting teenage passengers suffered significant fatality increases. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION: California's GDL may negatively affect older teenagers and other driver subpopulations and merits reevaluation.     

Ambient air quality trends and driving factor analysis in Beijing, 1983-2007

The interaction between pollution sources change and implementation of air pollution control measures was the main driving factor that caused the variation in air quality.     

Ambient air quality trends and driving factor analysis in Beijing, 1983–2007

The rapid development in Beijing, the capital of China, has resulted in serious air pollution problems. Meanwhile great efforts have been made to improve the air quality, especially since 1998. The variation in air quality under the interaction of pollution and control in this mega city has attracted much attention. We analyzed the changes in ambient air quality in Beijing since the 1980’s using the Daniel trend test based on data from long-term monitoring stations. The results showed that different polluta...     

半城市化地区土地利用变化及驱动力分析——以厦门市集美区为例

半城市化地区是在快速城市化进程中产生的一种过渡类型地域,伴随着剧烈的土地利用竞争和矛盾,土地利用变化迅速的特征。以厦门市集美区为例分析了半城市化地区土地利用演变规律,发现1987-2007年间研究区土地利用强度持续提高,城市建设用地和农村建设用地增加,农用地和淡水水域面积减少。矩阵转移分析结果表明,城市建设用地的增加主要来自未利用地、农用地和农村建设用地,农村建设用地的增加主要由农用地和未利用地转化而来,农用地是城市化过程中最容易受到侵占的土地利用类型。建设用地变化与非农业人口、总GDP,第二产业产值、固定资产投资、农民人均纯收入、实际利用外资、房地产投资呈现显著的正相关关系,是建设用地变化的主要驱动力。农用地面积变化与非农人口、总GDP、第一产业产值、第二产业产值、农民人均纯收入以及实际利用外资呈现显著的负相关关系。集美半城市化地区土地利用变化的主要驱动力包括城市人口增长、土地利用政策、经济结构调整、公共基础设施的发展以及国家政策。     

黑龙江省土地退化类型特征及其驱动力分析

随着经济发展,资源开发规模和强度不断加大,黑龙江省的生态环境日趋脆弱,生态功能逐渐减弱,土地退化问题十分严重。本文分析了黑龙江省土地退化的主要类型特征,并从自然与人文两个方面对黑龙江省土地退化的驱动力进行了探讨,并提出相应的对策建议。黑龙江省土地退化主要表现为水土流失、土地沙化、土地盐渍化等方面,其土地退化是在地形地貌复杂、土壤侵蚀、自然因素组合不够协调等自然因素和水资源的不合理利用、破坏植被,水土流失严重、不合理的耕作制度等人为因素双重作用的结果。