Examining motor vehicle crash involvement and readiness to change on drinking and driving behaviors among injured emergency department patients

Objective: To measure the effect of motor vehicle crash (MVC) involvement and readiness to change drinking and driving behaviors on subsequent driving and drinking behaviors among injured emergency department (ED) patients who use alcohol at harmful levels.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of injured ED patients who screened positive for harmful alcohol use, who at recruitment reported driving in the past 12 months and received at least one of the intended intervention sessions (brief behavioral intervention versus attention placebo control; N = 407). Outcome variables were as follows: (1) change in 6 impaired driving behaviors and (2) report of MVCs and traffic violations in the 12 months following recruitment; predictor variables were as follows: (1) treatment assignment, (2) MVC involvement at recruitment, and (3) baseline readiness to change alcohol use and drinking and driving.

Results: Modeling of change in the 6 impaired driving variables indicated that neither the recruitment visits being MVC related nor baseline readiness to change alcohol use and drinking and driving behaviors predicted greater changes in impaired driving over time. Baseline reports of past moving traffic violations and the ED visit being MVC related predicted a greater likelihood of each behavior at 12 months following study recruitment.

Conclusions: This study and others have demonstrated that ED patients with harmful alcohol use are willing to engage in behavioral interventions directed at changing risky behaviors. However, this study did not demonstrate that patients considered having the potential to be more engaged with the intervention because their ED visit was MVC related and/or they had expressed intent to change their risky alcohol use and drinking and driving behaviors were more likely to change these risky behaviors.     

武汉城市圈湿地受损程度识别及驱动因素分析

基于1995-2015年的5期土地利用数据和连续时间序列的水体数据集,探究武汉城市圈湿地受损程度及其对应的水体变化特征,并使用Logistic模型进一步揭示湿地受损的驱动机制。结果表明：（1）1995-2015年,武汉城市圈湿地面积呈先增加后减少的趋势,其面积减少了665.15 km²。湿地受损区域大多分布在武汉市、黄陂县、仙桃市等,主要是由建设用地、旱地侵占湿地引起的;湿地恢复区域大多分布在仙桃市、武汉市,主要表现为由水田向功能湿地转变。（2）20年来,湿地的变化与其水体的退化或增长变化特征相似,即湿地受损区的水体面积减少,湿地恢复区的水体面积增加。（3）Logistic回归表明,建设用地、降雨、GDP是影响湿地受损风险的主要因子,其中人类活动是湿地受损的主要因素。     

珠江三角洲二氧化碳源汇演变特征及驱动因素

随着经济与人口快速增长，珠江三角洲（珠三角）地区是我国碳中和压力最大的区域之一.通过建立珠三角地区二氧化碳（CO₂）源汇历史趋势清单，分析碳排放与碳汇的历史演变特征，并基于指数分解法识别了影响珠三角碳源汇的关键驱动因素.结果表明：① 2006~2020年珠三角碳排放总量从2.18亿t上升至3.66亿t，呈现出波动上升的演变特征，总体上升了67.86%，尚未实现碳达峰；② 2006~2020年珠三角绿地碳汇总量从1567.26万t下降至1552.59万t，呈现出波动下降的趋势特征，总体下降了0.94%，碳汇量远低于碳排放量，距离碳中和仍有很大缺口；③珠三角碳源主要来源于能源部门（40.38%）和工业部门（26.33%），碳汇主要来源于林地（67.92%）和耕地（18.09%）；④"十一五"至"十三五"期间，碳源的主要正向驱动因素是经济增长和人口规模，主要负向驱动因素是能源强度（单位GDP的能源使用量），但"十三五"以来，降低能源强度可以释放的CO₂减排潜力正在减弱，未来需要挖掘能源、工业和交通等方面结构调整的负向驱动潜力；⑤"十一五"至"十三五"期间，碳汇的主要正向驱动因素是绿地规模，源于"十一五"期间城市绿地面积增加，主要负向驱动因素是碳汇系数，源于自然灾害导致的水稻等高碳汇系数作物减产，未来绿地增汇需重视绿地结构调整.研究可为珠三角制定降碳增汇政策提供科学支撑.     

斜面结构上二维冰力计算模型的物理模拟实验研究

介绍了应用模型冰进行45°、60°、75°斜面墙冰作用力模拟实验装置、安装和结果，描述了冰排在不同倾角结构前的冰排破碎过程，以45°倾角结构的水平和垂直冰力-时间曲线分析作用力过程，并统计了各实验的冰力特征值。利用这些实测冰力与二维理论计算冰力的比较阐明该理论模型在浅水条件下应用的可行性，并用水平冰力同垂直冰力比值分析碎冰堆积对冰力的影响。     

环境影响评价在云南省生产力布局中的作用

介绍了云南基本省情、环境形势及重大发展决策;回顾环境影响评价在云南省环境保护中的作用,阐述充分发挥环境影响评价在生产力布局中作用的重要意义;就如何充分发挥环境影响评价在云南省生产力布局中作用提出3个方面的对策:充分发挥规划环评在云南省产业结构调整中的作用,充分发挥规划环评在云南省生产力布局中的作用,充分发挥建设项目环评在云南省生产力布局中的作用。     

我国城市汽车行驶工况调查研究

在５个典型城市进行汽车行驶工况试验的基础上，对建立城市汽车行驶工式的方法和必要性作了详细的描述，该行驶工况对有效地控制我国城市汽车排放污染提供重要依据。     

公路工程对土地利用/土地覆被变化的驱动效应分析

文中把公路工程的环境影响评价重点放在景观上 ,从更广阔的视角分析了公路工程的环境变化和有关的社会变化 ,探讨了由此引发的景观上的土地利用 /土地覆被的变化机制。认为从土地利用 /土地覆被的角度 ,在景观上分析公路工程的环境影响 ,对战略性的环境影响评价和长期的土地利用规划来讲是非常必要的 ,同时也是对当前的公路环境影响评价方法的很好补充     

可调节常压边力拉深模设计

提出了以弹簧或橡胶作为弹性元件压边,可提供常压边力的新结构.采用这种压边方式,不仅可使压边力在拉深过程中保持不变,并能从零至最大设计压边力的范围内进行调节,且适用于不同厚度板坯的压边,故压边装置又具较大的通用性.     

成都O3逐日污染潜势关键时段优选的GAM模型

利用成都市2016~2018年O₃逐时监测数据以及该时段同时次的地面气象观测资料，通过对O₃日变化特征的分析，确定了表征研究区O₃逐日污染潜势的四个关键时段，即全天时段（00：00~24：00）、日间时段（05：00~20：00）、O₃超标时段（11：00~19：00）以及O₃峰值时段（15：00~16：00）.基于广义可加模型（Generalized Additive Model，GAM）分别构建了O₃日最大8h滑动平均浓度（O_3-8h）与上述四个时段气象要素之间的函数关系，分析了时间尺度变化对O₃逐日污染潜势的影响.结果表明：GAM模型可以很好地表征O_3-8h与不同时段多气象要素之间的非线性关系.O₃超标时段气象要素对O₃逐日污染潜势具有最佳的指示意义，对应GAM模型的调整判定系数R²和方差解释率IRV分别为0.81和81.4%，模型模拟值与观测值的压轴回归决定系数R²为0.805.太阳辐射、相对湿度和气温是决定O₃逐日污染潜势最重要的气象要素，但三者在GAM模型中的重要性排序会因时间尺度的变化而有所差异.     

Exploring simulated driving performance among varsity male soccer players

Background: It is documented that male athletes display riskier behaviors while driving (as well as in life in general) than female athletes and nonathletes. However, the literature has reported that athletes show better driving ability than nonathletes. This paradox between behaviors and abilities motivated the present study to further understand the collision risk of varsity athletes.

Objective: The current study estimates the performance differences between varsity male soccer players and male undergraduate nonathletes on (1) a driving task and (2) three perceptual–cognitive tasks (associated with collision risk prediction; i.e., Useful Field of View [UFOV] test).

Methods: Thirty-five male undergraduate students (15 varsity soccer players, 20 undergraduate nonathletes) took part in this study. Driving performance was assessed during 14?min of urban commuting using a driving simulator. While completing the simulated driving task and UFOV test, the physiological responses were monitored using an electrocardiograph (ECG) to document heart rate variability (HRV).

Results: Varsity soccer players showed more risky behaviors at the wheel compared to their nonathlete student peers. Varsity soccer players spent more time over the speed limit, committed more driving errors, and adopted fewer safe and legal behaviors. However, no difference was observed between both groups on driving skill variables (i.e., vehicle control, vehicle mobility, ecodriving). For subtests 1 and 2 of the UFOV (i.e., processing speed, divided attention), both groups performed identically (i.e., 17?ms). The nonathlete group tended to perform better on the selective attention task (i.e., subtest 3 of UFOV test; 63.2?±?6.2?ms vs. 87.2?±?10.7?ms, respectively; this difference was not significant, P = .76).

Conclusion: Preventive driving measures should be enforced in this high-risk population to develop strategies for risk reduction in male team athletes.