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651.
The ecological carrying capacity, an important indicator to evaluate the sustainable development of the ecosystem, means the potential ability of the natural ecosystem to carry socioeconomic development while the ecosystem is healthy. It is limited by the carrying capacity of natural resources and environment and the elasticity of the ecosystem. It will be greatly significant to study the ecological carrying capacity of Hainan Province, the first ecological province admitted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in China. Not only is the natural ecosystem reflected, but also the effects of human activities are emphasized by integrating the ecosystem health analysis into the ecological carrying capacity research. The research results, using the Factor Analysis tools of software SPSS, indicate that the ecological carrying capacity of Hainan Province fluctuated obviously from 1996 to 2005. The level of the ecological carrying capacity of Hainan Province was relatively high in 1996, and reached into trough from 1997 to 1999. It has steadily ascended to be above the middle level since the 21st century. The results also show that policy factors, especially the implementation of the 'Ecological Province' strategy, were important driving forces to influence the ecological carrying capacity. With the population rapidly increasing, the land and water resources per capita have decreased quickly. The amount of the ecological carrying capacity was promoted remarkably by socioeconomic development especially economic growth and technology applications. All of these will provide useful suggestions to establish and enact regional development policies, especially for protecting and reconstructing the ecology and environment of Hainan Province.  相似文献   
652.
This paper introduces a model that enables a comparison between universities based on sustainability indicators related to environmental, economic, social and educational aspects. The proposed model is based on a driving force-pressure-state-exposure-effect-action (DPSEEA) framework and is called uncertainty-based DPSEEA-Sustainability index Model (uD-SiM). The uD-SiM applies the concept of causality and develops sustainability index (SI), which is an outcome of nonlinear relationships of sustainability indicators in different stages of DPSEEA. In this paper, this fuzzy-based multi-criteria decision-making model is used to evaluate the sustainability of five Canadian universities, namely the University of British Columbia, the University of Toronto, the University of Alberta, the McGill University and the Memorial University. The final ranking results are compared with the Green report card ranking for 2010 through SI. The application of various actions and strategies that can be applied to different stages of the framework to improve sustainability in higher education institutions is also discussed.  相似文献   
653.
本文旨在对若尔盖湿地退化、草原沙漠化的驱动因素进行分析。找出导致湿地退化、草原沙漠化的主导因素,并寻求合理对策。在前人已有研究和野外实地考察的基础上。对获得的数据资料进行对比分析,分析结果显示近几十年来若尔盖地区人口激增、挖沟排水、过度放牧等人为因素对湿地退化、草原沙漠化的影响明显.而气温升高、降雨减少等自然因素影响较弱。分析表明.若尔盖湿地沙漠化在于人类活动干扰和自然因素的双重作用。自然因素是湿地沙漠化发生的大环境,是大空间、大跨度造成湿地沙漠化的自然环境背景.为生态环境恶化、湿地沙漠化提供一种可能性;而近几十年来人类强烈的破坏性活动才是该地区生态环境恶化、湿地沙漠化的主导因素。在遵循自然客观规律的基础上.有针对性地制定切实有效的保护和恢复措施很有必要。  相似文献   
654.
江苏省13城市土地利用集约度时空变异及驱动因素   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
城市土地的高效集约化利用是城市可持续发展的客观要求。从城市土地集约利用的内涵入手,依据城市土地集约利用评价的原则,从土地利用投入水平、土地利用程度、土地利用效率、土地利用生态环境质量等方面构建了一个具有三级层次结构的城市土地集约利用度评价的指标体系,并在此基础上采用多因素综合评价,秩相关系数和聚类分析的方法以江苏省13个地级市为例进行了实证分析,结果表明:(1)1997~2006年,江苏省13城市土地利用集约度都得到了提高,但是提高的幅度和方式不同;(2)不同城市,苏南、苏中和苏北之间城市土地利用集约度呈现出明显的城市和地域差异,其中,省会南京最高,苏北的宿迁最低。最后,对造成这种时空差异的现象从区域经济环境、经济发展水平、城市性质职能与规模等方面进行了驱动力分析。  相似文献   
655.
以无锡市1991、1996、2001和2005年的Landsat TM/ETM+影像为数据源,采用改进后的波段组合阈值提取法对无锡市城市建成区空间信息进行提取,并参照太湖流域土地利用分类图对提取的信息进行修正;通过影像叠加分析,研究 1991~2005年无锡市城市扩张的空间分布规律,认为无锡市城市总体扩张呈现出不断增加的态势,尤其是2000年以后,城市扩展出现快速发展。同时无锡市城市空间扩张呈现出不均匀性,主要包括集中连片发展和轴向扩展两种典型的扩展模式,而城市扩展方向主要集中在常州 无锡 苏州城市中心线沿线和环太湖方向,其中以东南部和东部扩展最为迅速;结合无锡市 1991~2005年社会经济以及人文数据,分析了人口及经济发展对城市扩张的影响,结果表明:人口的增加和城市的经济发展是影响无锡市城市扩展的两个重要因素。  相似文献   
656.
根据1999~2007年土地利用统计、社会经济资料,借助信息熵原理及马尔科夫转移矩阵模型对梁平县土地利用结构动态演变进行了实例分析。结果表明,梁平县土地利用结构信息熵H经历了3个阶段:1999~2002年持续上升阶段、2002~2003年急速回落阶段及 2003~2007年波动阶段,土地利用结构无序程度发展态势不明显,均衡度变化与信息熵相似。用地类型主要由耕地转向林地、交通用地、居民点及工矿用地。定性分析了影响该县用地结构动态演变的政治经济政策,并利用主成分分析法对经济社会主要驱动因子进行了分析与探讨,得出影响该县用地结构动态演变的主要驱动力为:政治经济政策、经济发展。最后依据分析结果对梁平县未来发展做出定位:特色农业县--重点发展农林产品加工及文化生态旅游。  相似文献   
657.
汶川8.0级地震灾后响应研究——以灾后学生响应为例   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
杨洁  李睿  王静爱 《灾害学》2009,24(4):125-129
基于网络信息,以学生群体对汶川8.0级地震响应为研究对象,通过对搜集到的复杂网络信息的分类和分级,刻画出非灾区学生群体的灾害响应能力,探讨了学生灾后响应主要类型、强度的空间分异及灾后响应的驱动力。结果表明:①学生灾后响应的主要类型是学生自发捐款、中小学异地复课等;②造成学生灾后响应空间差异的主要因素不是交通条件,而是空间距离导致心理疏离;③学生灾后响应的驱动力随时间的变化特征不同,其中满足自我强化需要的响应速度快但持续性较低,而满足灾源地的需要的响应速度慢但持续性高。  相似文献   
658.
模拟了车用工况下燃料电池发动机脉冲式排氢的特点,设计开发了一套质子交换膜燃料电池的尾气净化系统,并以5 kW燃料电池的尾气排放为例,研究其净化效果。研究了电池阳极排放氢气缓冲前后尾气中氢气浓度的变化,以及不同空速条件下氢气的去除效果。结果表明:电堆阳极排放氢气经过缓冲处理后,尾气中氢气浓度趋于平稳,大部分工况下处在2%以下,达到了安全处理的要求;尾气中氢气的去除效果与空速密切相关。对自制的整体式催化剂而言,当空速低于20 000 h-1时,氢气的去除率能达到约95%,而当空速达到39 270 h-1时,氢气的去除率仅为10.9%。鉴于这一问题,提出通过采用尾排空气的分流手段调整催化燃烧反应器对空速的要求,以提高尾气中氢气的去除率。  相似文献   
659.

Problem

Alcohol-related youth traffic fatalities continue as a major public-health concern. While state and federal laws can be useful in tackling this problem, the efficacy of many laws has not been empirically demonstrated. We examined the impact of state laws prohibiting alcohol advertising to target minors. Method: Using statistics obtained from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), youth alcohol-related, single-vehicle, driver traffic fatalities were compared by state as a function of whether the state has a law prohibiting alcohol advertising that targets minors. Results: Overall, states possessing this law experienced 32.9% fewer of the above specified traffic fatalities. Discussion and Impact on Industry: The results suggest that not only are youth drinking rates affected by alcohol advertisements targeting youth, but also drink-driving behaviors. Indeed, we estimate that if this type of legislation were adopted in the 26 states that do not prohibit targeting of minors with alcohol advertising, then 400 youth lives could be saved annually.  相似文献   
660.
This paper investigates the sandy desertification change between 1986 and 2000 in the western Jilin province, North China. Land use and land cover data were obtained from Landsat TM data by using a supervised classification approach. We summarized the total area of desertified land by each county, as well as the area for each of the four categories of desertified land. The changes of different types of land use and land cover between 1986 and 2000 were calculated and analyzed. Taking Tongyu and Qianan as examples, both human and natural driving forces of the sandy desertification were analyzed. Our analyses indicate that the material sources and windy, warm and dry climate are the immanent causes of potential land desertification, while the irrational human activities, such as deforestation, reclaiming and grazing in the grassland, are the external causes of potential land desertification. However, rational human activities, such as planting trees and restoring grassland can reverse the land desertification process. Furthermore, the countermeasures and suggestions for the sustainable development in ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in North China are put forward.  相似文献   
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