电除尘器提效节能除尘效率公式的研究

依据理论驱进速度和我国电除尘器(EP)的运行现状,以及提效节能型高压供电设备的开发成功与推广,分析研究了反映高压供电提效节能智能优化控制特性的EP除尘效率公式。公式指出,有效驱进速度和EP除尘效率与提效节能工作方式下的二次电压峰值及最小值成正比,与火花整定工作方式下的二次电压峰值及最小值之比成正比。该公式可为EP高压供电等设备的优化研究开发和提效节能运行提供参考依据。     

基于利益相关者的企业环境绩效驱动机制及实证

基于利益相关者和企业环境绩效可能存在的驱动响应关系,提出将企业主体、政府部门、投资者、消费者、社区公众作为5个典型的利益相关者,构建了企业环境绩效的驱动因子体系.选取2008年度国内300强企业作为初始样本,详细整理其公开的环境信息,筛选确定以环境信息公开相对完善的41家企业为案例进行实证分析.企业环境绩效与驱动因素的Spearman相关分析表明,企业主体是环境绩效的主导驱动因素,政府部门和投资者是环境绩效的重要推动因素,而消费者和社区公众对环境绩效未有显著影响;典范对应分析表明,企业环境绩效驱动因素可归为3类,对企业环境绩效的总解释能力达到80.7%;53.66%的案例企业分别受到企业环境管理能力、政府环境规制、企业环境风险等因素的独立作用,而其余企业则受多因素共同作用.     

埋地管道泄漏自适应封堵机器人设计及研究

为解决管道在长期使用中出现的破损、杂质增多及因介质腐蚀和冲蚀产生不规则障碍物等一系列问题,采用模块化设计方法,提出1种驱动性能好、可靠性强的多体分布式自适应管道封堵修复机器人.通过建立机器人越障模型,研究驱动轮和支撑轮运行时的越障方程;在ADAMS软件中建立驱动单元模型,对其运行速度、驱动力、越障高度进行仿真分析;建立...     

重点企业清洁生产推进的驱动因素分析

构建了清洁生产驱动力模型,提出重点企业清洁生产推进的定量化分析指标,采用回归方法分析了经济发展水平、污染压力和外部条件对重点企业清洁生产推进的影响.结果表明:以重点企业审核率为指标反映重点企业清洁生产的推进情况更合适和准确.我国重点企业清洁生产在经济发展水平、污染压力和外部条件等方面共同作用下逐步推进,现阶段则更多地依靠经济发展和污染压力外部驱动力推进,这种驱动模式的速度较慢.要快速推进重点企业清洁生产,需加强和激发企业内部条件的推动作用.      

黄河源头生态环境变化的遥感监测及驱动因素

利用1990年、2000年和2004年的TM卫星影像数据研究表明,近10 a来,黄河源头玛多县生态环境状况变化剧烈,主要表现为沼泽、滩涂、河流、湖泊等湿地萎缩干涸,所占比例持续减少,表明水源涵养力减弱.同时,沙地、盐碱地和不宜林草荒地等劣质土地的增加使天然草地破碎化程度加大;而天然草地、林地和宜林草荒地比例持续增加,说明在21世纪初以来的暖湿化气候背景下,黄河源头-玛多县生态环境呈良性发展态势.分析认为气温、降水、蒸发、冻土等自然因素,以及超裁过牧、滥采乱挖和草地鼠害等人类活动是导致黄河源头生态环境变化的共同驱动因素,其中又以气候因子为主导,与冻土环境及水文条件相互影响.     

The Illinois .08 law. An evaluation

Lowering state blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits to 0.08, though controversial, has been supported by most evaluation studies to date. The Illinois .08 BAC law implemented in 1997 provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the effect of the law without the simultaneous passage of an administrative license revocation (ALR) law, which has clouded some previous evaluations of the .08 laws. The proportion of all drinking drivers in fatal crashes was compared before versus after implementing the .08 law using time-series analysis to evaluate 12 years of fatal crash data for Illinois and five bordering states. The results showed that the proportion of drinking drivers in fatal crashes decreased by 14% in Illinois and increased by 3% in bordering states. The proportion of drinking drivers in fatal crashes in Illinois, though increasing since 1995, was sharply reduced after passage of the .08 law in 1997, saving more than 100 lives in 1998 and 1999 than it would have without the .08 law.     

Forfeiture programs in California: why so few?

PROBLEM: It is estimated that at least 75% of suspended or revoked drivers continue to drive illegally. In states like California, there are also a substantial and growing number of people who drive without ever having been licensed. Some states, such as Ohio and California, have enacted vehicle impoundment and forfeiture programs as sanctions to reduce these offenses. Published evaluations indicate that vehicle impoundment laws reduce recidivism and crash rates. However, vehicle forfeiture programs have been less successful, mostly because of low levels of enforcement. METHOD: Police officers and district attorneys from 17 jurisdictions were interviewed by phone or in person to determine current enforcement levels and impediments to more aggressive application of statutory authority. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The survey found that most California jurisdictions are enforcing vehicle impoundments for first-time offenders. However, very few jurisdictions were enforcing the vehicle forfeiture law for repeat offenders. Among the reasons for not enforcing the vehicle forfeiture law was a perception that it was too time-consuming and/or not a priority among prosecutors. However, a number of authorities indicated that the simple vehicle impoundment procedure is often functionally equivalent to forfeiture because many drivers fail to retrieve the vehicle at the end of the impoundment period. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Vehicle impoundment programs are effective mechanisms in deterring illicit driving, and states should be encouraged to initiate vehicle impoundment laws. States could achieve even greater safety benefits if vehicle forfeiture sanctions were extensively used for repeat offenders. However, based on California's experience, the incremental benefits of vehicle forfeiture (over vehicle impoundment) may not be very great.     

Using a driving simulator to identify older drivers at inflated risk of motor vehicle crashes

PROBLEM: To develop appropriate assessment criteria to measure the performance of older drivers using an interactive PC-based driving simulator, and to determine which measures were associated with the occurrence of motor-vehicle crash. METHOD: One hundred and twenty-nine older drivers residing in a metropolitan city volunteered to participate in this retrospective cohort study. Using the driving simulator, appropriate driving tasks were devised to test the older drivers, whose performances were assessed by 10 reliable assessment criteria. Logistic regression analysis was then undertaken to determine those criteria that influence the self-reported crash outcome. RESULTS: As expected, driving skill of older drivers was found to decline with age. Over 60% of the sample participants reported having at least one motor-vehicle crash during the past year. Adjusting for age in a logistic regression analysis, the cognitive abilities associated with the crash occurrence were working memory, decision making under pressure of time, and confidence in driving at high speed. SUMMARY: The findings of this retrospective study indicated those individuals at inflated risk of vehicle crashes could be identified using the PC-based interactive driving simulator. Prospective studies need to be undertaken to determine whether the driving simulator can predict future crash events. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This study demonstrated an economical driving simulator approach to screen out problematic or unsafe older drivers before a more detailed but expensive road test is considered.     

山岳型旅游地旅游城镇化动力机制研究——以九华山为例

旅游城镇化是指发展旅游业的地区为了给旅游者提供交通、游览、食宿、娱乐、购物等一系列服务，使生产、提供这些商品和服务的行业与居民大量在此聚集，逐渐形成具有明显职能特色的城镇的过程。分析旅游城镇化现象产生的动力机制是旅游城镇化研究的重要内容。在实地调研的基础上，以九华山为例，分析了山岳型旅游地旅游城镇化现象产生和发展的内外多维动力系统，并结合九华山独特的佛教旅游地特征，有针对性地分析了九华山旅游城镇化发展的特点。