道地药材分布特点的研究

经初步整理研究表明.中国有道地药材约208种,按其自然地理分布,试将其划分为八大区,并进行了分区论述.本文着重分析和研究了道地药材的分布规律及分布特点     

现代生物学技术在农兽药残留检测中的应用

农药污染和兽药残留已构成对环境和人类健康的严重威胁,农产品的质量安全问题日益突出,迫切需要开发简便、价廉、快速的农兽药残留快速检测技术。目前各种生物技术已广泛应用于残留快速检测领域,本文主要对免疫分析技术、分子印迹技术、酶活性抑制技术、生物传感器、生物芯片技术等现代生物技术的发展概况及其在农兽药残留检测中的应用进行了概述。并重点介绍了五种免疫分析技术的原理及应用。     

催化氧化预处理及气浮-水解酸化-接触氧化工艺处理原料药废水

结合工程实例,介绍催化氧化预处理及气浮-水解酸化-接触氧化工艺在处理原料药废水工程中的实际应用。运行结果表明:该工艺运行稳定,处理效果好,COD去除率在90%以上。在进水COD值高于设计值15%的情况下,各项指标均能达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》二级排放标准。     

抗焦虑药物和鱼类行为：建立奥沙西泮体内浓度与行为效应的联系

精神药物经常在水环境中被检测出。这些药物在鱼体内的靶点分子在进化上保守,表明这些药物会对鱼的行为方式产生类似于对人的影响。产生影响所需要的药物暴露浓度是研究的关键。本研究中我们将黑头呆鱼（Pimephales promelas）暴露在奥沙西泮（一种苯二氮类化合物）浓度为0.8,4.7和30.6 μg?L^-1的水体中,测定其摄取量和组织分布。我们通过以完成新鱼缸潜水测试和搜索庇护地测试来量化鱼类探索的行为,进而研究了奥沙西泮的体内浓度与的其探索行为的关系。大脑中奥沙西泮的浓度最高,血浆与肝脏中的浓度次之,肌肉中浓度最低。3组实验鱼血浆中奥沙西泮的平均浓度为8.7±5.7,30.3±16.1,和98.8±72.9 μg?L^-1,分别对应于之前3组水体浓度。血浆与组织中奥沙西泮的浓度在3组中均显著相关。在暴露浓度为30.6 μg?L^-1的水体中,鱼血浆中的浓度已达到或稍低于人体治疗血药浓度范围。暴露在4.7 μg?L^-1水体中的鱼在新鱼缸潜水测试中的行为受到了显著的影响。在同组中,奥沙西泮的血浆浓度接近人体治疗血药浓度最低值的三分之一。在奥沙西泮暴露浓度最低与最高的水体中,鱼类行为均未表现出受到显著影响。结果的显著性应在黑头呆鱼的物种特定性行为和已有的奥沙西泮药理学知识下进行讨论。
精选自Belinda Huerta, Luigi Margiotta-Casaluci, Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz, Martin Scholze, Matthew J. Winter, Damià Barceló,John P. Sumpter. Anti-anxiety drugs and fish behaviour: establishing the link between internal concentrations of oxazepam and behavioural effects. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 35, Issue 11, pages 2782–2790, November 2016. DOI: 10.1002/etc.3448
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.3448/full
     

厌氧-好氧处理磺胺废水实验研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床和好氧复合反应器处理磺胺废水,在厌氧TOC负荷约1.2kg/(m³·d),好氧TOC负荷约0.6kg/(m³·d)的运行条件下,TOC厌氧去除率可达50%以上,TOC总去除率可达85%以上厌氧过程有约30%SO₄^2-被去除,无CH4产生,这表明TOC的厌氧去除为硫酸盐还原条件下的缺氧降解.     

石墨烯类纳米材料作为药物载体的研究进展及其潜在风险

石墨烯作为一种新兴的二维碳纳米材料,近年来受到了医学领域科学家的高度关注。由于石墨烯类纳米材料具有较大的比表面积,易于表面修饰等优点,目前在药物载体方面的研究发展迅速。随着纳米技术的发展,除了氧化石墨烯外,进一步将还原氧化石墨烯、石墨烯量子点、石墨烯纳米带等石墨烯类纳米材料作为药物载体应用到医学领域。本文综述了石墨烯类纳米材料作为药物载体在医学领域的研究进展,并从石墨烯类纳米材料的相关毒性研究角度,提醒了人们负载药物前后石墨烯类纳米材料的迁移规律对其潜在风险研究的重要性。     

Illicit drugs in Canadian municipal wastewater and estimates of community drug use

In this study of wastewater treatment plants in three Canadian cities, selected illicit drugs, including cocaine and its major metabolite, benzoylecgonine (BE), amphetamine, methamphetamine and ecstasy (i.e. MDMA) were detected in untreated wastewater. Cocaine was the most widely used illicit drug at a median level for the 3 cities of 15.7 doses per day per 1000 people. For the other drugs, the median doses per day per 1000 people were 1.8 for amphetamine, 4.5 for methamphetamine and 0.4 for ecstasy. Methamphetamine use was highest in the largest city and cocaine use was lowest in the smallest city. Removal of the illicit drugs by wastewater treatment was generally >50%, except in a WWTP that uses primary treatment. The community consumption estimate for ecstasy in the present study is far below published estimates of the prevalence of ecstasy use among the Canadian population, which may be due to only occasional use of ecstasy.     

Investigation of drugs of abuse and relevant metabolites in Dutch sewage water by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry

An extensive study on the presence of illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals with potential for abuse in sewage waters was made for the first time in the Netherlands. A total number of 24 target drugs were investigated in influent and effluent wastewater using liquid chromatography coupled to a high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometer. This powerful analyzer has allowed not only the detection and identification of the compounds under investigation, but also their quantification at very low levels, which is highly innovative in the field of drugs of abuse. Samples were taken from five sewage treatment plants (STPs) during a whole week. The selected STPs served four cities of different size and an international airport. Daily variances of drug loads were demonstrated and removal efficiencies calculated for each drug and STP individually. Twelve target compounds were found in at least one influent or effluent, and highest concentrations were observed in influents collected from more urbanized areas. The compounds more frequently detected were amphetamine, benzoylecgonine, cocaine and THCCOOH together with the pharmaceuticals codeine, oxazepam and temazepam. Established week trends in consumption of drugs showed distinct differences between individual drugs. A slightly different occurrence pattern was observed in wastewaters from the airport. Thus, methamphetamine was only detected at Schiphol, a fact that was interpreted to be caused by consumption of this drug by travelers. Despite the fact that the Netherlands has frequently been criticized for its liberal drug policy the results from this study did not reveal higher drug consumption than found elsewhere, with the exception of cannabis.