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811.
Ricardo Cisneros Andrzej Bytnerowicz 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(10):3261-3271
Two-week average concentrations of ozone (O3), nitric acid vapor (HNO3) and ammonia (NH3) were measured with passive samplers during the 2002 summer season across the central Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, along the San Joaquin River drainage. Elevated concentrations of the pollutants were determined with seasonal means for individual sites ranging between 62 and 88 ppb for O3, 1.0-3.8 μg m−3 for HNO3, and 2.6-5.2 μg m−3 for NH3. Calculated O3 exposure indices were very high, reaching SUM00-191 ppm h, SUM60-151 ppm h, and W126-124 ppm h. Calculated nitrogen (N) dry deposition ranged from 1.4 to 15 kg N ha−1 for maximum values, and 0.4-8 kg N ha−1 for minimum values; potentially exceeding Critical Loads (CL) for nutritional N. The U.S., California, and European 8 h O3 human health standards were exceeded during 104, 108, and 114 days respectively, indicating high risk to humans from ambient O3. 相似文献
812.
The modification of soil composition in the urbanized area of Ankara due to wet-dry deposition and pollution-derived particles from the atmosphere is investigated by analyzing 120 surface soil samples, collected from the urbanized area and its un-urbanized surrounding, for major, minor and trace elements. Concentrations of elements from human activity (e.g. Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu and Ca) in the urbanized area were higher than their corresponding concentrations in global average soil and soil in un-urbanized areas outside the urbanized area. Metal contents in soil were very high in densely populated districts and around some industrial facilities. The only exception was Pb distribution, which was more dispersed, due to the nature of motor vehicle emissions. Alteration of the Cd, Zn, Cu and Cr content of soil was confined to the inhabited and industrial areas, whereas enrichment factors of these elements were close to unity in the remaining study area. Factor analysis identified two polluted soil factor associations. One factor includes elements, such as Zn and Cd, which had high factor scores in inhabited areas and the other factor (high loading of Pb) represents soil polluted by motor vehicle emissions. 相似文献
813.
Response of soil fauna to simulated nitrogen deposition: A nursery experiment in subtropical China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
XU Guo-liang MO Jiang-ming FU Sheng-lei PER Gundersen ZHOU Guo-yi XUE Jing-Hua 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(5):603-609
We studied the responses of soil fauna to a simulated nitrogen deposition in nursery experimental plots in Subtropical China. Dissolved NH4NO3 was applied to the soil by spraying twice per month for 16 months, starting January 2003 with treatments of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 30 gN/(m2·a). Soil fauna was sampled after 6, 9, 13 and 16 months of treatment in three soil depths (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm). Soil available N increased in correspondence with the increasing N treatment, whereas soil pH decreased. Bacterial and fungal densities were elevated by the N treatment. Soil fauna increased in the lower nitrogen treatments but decreased in the higher N treatments, which might indicate that there was a threshold around 10 gN/(m2·a) for the stimulating effects of N addition. The N effects were dependent on the soil depth and sampling time. The data also suggested that the effects of the different N treatments were related to the level of N saturation, especially the concentration of NO3- in the soil. 相似文献
814.
LU Peng CHEN Li-jun Li Guo-xue SHEN Shi-hu WANG Li-li JIANG Qi-yang ZHANG Jin-feng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(12):1528-1532
Furfural is an important inhibitor in ethanol fermentation process using lignocellulosic hydrolysates as raw materials.In order to find out the fuffural concentration range in which furfural inhibits the fermentation process,we used one strain Saccharomyces kluyveri selected from soil and cultured in several different furfural content media under low glucose concentration condition.Experiment results showed that microorganism growth was stimulated and dry cell weight decreased when furfural concentration in the medium was 0.25 mg/ml.Furfural had negative effect on cell growth when its concentration was above 1.00 mg/ml.At the same time,the strain growed better and had a higher glucose consumption rate in 5% original glucose concentration condition than in 3% original glucose concentration condition.The results showed that appropriate exaltation of original glucose concentration in stalk hydrolysates will increase the strain resistance to furfural. 相似文献
815.
目的 研究濒海大气环境氯离子沿建筑物高度的分布规律。方法 以海南濒海高层建筑为研究平台,在建筑物不同高度楼层设置监测点,采用“纱布法”完成不同高度层的大气环境氯离子沉积速率数据采集,每次取换样周期为30 d,连续监测1 a。利用离子色谱仪对所采集的样本进行检测分析,研究濒海大气环境氯离子沿建筑物高度的分布规律。结果 氯离子沉积速率随塔楼高度的增加而升高,在塔楼建筑高度60%~70%的区域,受到高层建筑“下冲风”的影响,氯离子沉积速率会有所下降,出现相对低值。通过这个区域后,氯离子沉积速率又逐渐升高。结论 濒海大气氯离子沉积速率沿建筑物高度变化规律受到大气氯离子浓度、风向风速、温湿度和高层建筑气流的综合影响。 相似文献
816.
对上海市1992-2007年湿沉降监测结果进行研究,16年来,上海市湿沉降主要呈现以下特征:pH总体呈现下降趋势,酸雨频率呈现上升趋势;2002年起升幅很大;硫酸根离子和钙离子浓度总体呈下降趋势,2003年后,各离子浓度都有一定程度下降;钙离子在总阳离子中的比例总体上明显下降,铵离子与总阳离子的百分比总体上呈上升趋势;硫酸根离子在总阴离子中的比例有所下降,硝酸根离子与总阴离子的百分比则一直呈上升趋势;硫酸根与硝酸根年均值的比值总体上呈明显的下降趋势,表明硫酸型在逐渐减弱;钙离子与铵离子的比值总体上也呈明显的下降趋势。 相似文献
817.
818.
对2006—2019年赣江水体及水库丰水期-枯水期的总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH3-N)、硝态氮(NO-3-N)和总磷(TP)浓度变化和分布特征进行分析。将赣江按河谷地形和河道特征划分为上游、中游、下游3段;根据水流来源将赣江划分为章水、桃江、湘水、贡水、泸江、赣江干流。结果显示:桃江TN质量浓度在2011年枯水期取得最大值8.26 mg/L;章水TP质量浓度在2007年枯水期取得最大值0.18 mg/L,整个赣江丰水期-枯水期的TP质量浓度在0.02~0.18 mg/L范围内浮动,变化幅度较小;章水NH3-N浓度在2008年枯水期取得最大值1.86 mg/L,而在2017—2019年NH3-N的浓度基本处于0.5 mg/L以内,达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅲ类水质标准。万安水库和峡江水库对总氮的滞留率,丰水期分别为24.26%、17.44%,枯水期分别为21.36%、16.60%;对总磷的滞留率,丰水期分别为24.78%、19.05%,枯水期分别为33.... 相似文献
819.
820.
人类活动对城市地下水影响的探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对城市地下水包气带特征、地下水的排泄和补给特征、雨水排泄特征的系统分析,认为由于城市地下水系统受自然条件和人为因素双重作用的控制使之表现出与自然状态下完全不同的特征:由于地表的硬化,城市包气带由三层结构变为四层结构,即地表硬化层、土壤水带、中间带和毛细水带;城市地区的人文历史沉积也会对包气带造成影响;雨水主要通过城市的排水系统排泄。地下水主要通过人工开采排泄,都表现出集中排泄的特点。文中还对酸沉降对城市地区地下水水质和包气带性质可能受到的影响进行了初步的分析。 相似文献