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881.
Branquinho C Gaio-Oliveira G Augusto S Pinho P Máguas C Correia O 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(2):292-299
The objective of this work was to evaluate the spatial and temporal impact of dust-pollution in the vicinity of a cement industry, located in an area with dry climate. The spatial impact integrated over time was evaluated from the concentrations of Ca, Fe and Mg in in-situ Xanthoria parietina. The temporal pattern was assessed through one-month transplants of the lichen Ramalina canariensis. Four potential sources of atmospheric dust were evaluated: the limestone-quarry; the unpaved roads, the deposit area and the cement mill. Calcium concentration in lichens was considered the best cement-dust indicator. Different types of dust (clinker and grinded-limestone-dust) resulted in different time-patterns of Ca accumulation, which was also related with the different influence that wet and dry periods have in the lichen accumulation process. The dust pollution was found to be deposited locally and dependent on: the nature of dust particles and the volume and frequency of precipitation. 相似文献
882.
The paper summarises the results to determine the fluxes of different N-compounds within the atmosphere and an aquatic and a terrestrial ecosystems, in Hungary. In the exchange processes of N-compounds between atmosphere and various ecosystems the deposition dominates. The net deposition fluxes are -730, -1270 and -1530 mg Nm(-2)yr(-1) for water, grassland, and forest ecosystems, respectively. For water, the main source of nitrogen compounds is the wet deposition. Ammonia gas is close to the equilibrium between the water and the air. For grassland the dry flux of nitric acid and ammonia is also an important term beside the wet deposition. Dry deposition to terrestrial ecosystems is roughly two times higher than wet deposition. A total of 8-10% of the nitrates and NH(x) deposited to terrestrial ecosystems are re-emitted into the air in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O) greenhouse gas. 相似文献
883.
Temporal changes in the distribution, methylation, and bioaccumulation of newly deposited mercury in an aquatic ecosystem 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Orihel DM Paterson MJ Blanchfield PJ Bodaly RA Gilmour CC Hintelmann H 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,154(1):77-88
Our objective was to examine how the behavior of atmospheric mercury (Hg) deposited to boreal lake mesocosms changed over time. We added inorganic Hg enriched in a different stable isotope in each of two years, which allowed us to differentiate between Hg added in the first and second year. Although inorganic Hg and methylmercury (MeHg) continued to accumulate in sediments throughout the experiment, the availability of MeHg to the food web declined within one year. This decrease was detected in periphyton, zooplankton, and water mites, but not in gomphid larvae, amphipods, or fish. We suggest that reductions in atmospheric Hg deposition should lead to decreases in MeHg concentrations in biota, but that changes will be more easily detected in short-lived pelagic species than long-lived species associated with benthic food webs. 相似文献
884.
Chapman PJ Clark JM Reynolds B Adamson JK 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(1):110-120
Much uncertainty still exists regarding the relative importance of organic acids in relation to acid deposition in controlling the acidity of soil and surface waters. This paper contributes to this debate by presenting analysis of seasonal variations in atmospheric deposition, soil solution and stream water chemistry for two UK headwater catchments with contrasting soils. Acid neutralising capacity (ANC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and the Na:Cl ratio of soil and stream waters displayed strong seasonal patterns with little seasonal variation observed in soil water pH. These patterns, plus the strong relationships between ANC, Cl and DOC, suggest that cation exchange and seasonal changes in the production of DOC and seasalt deposition are driving a shift in the proportion of acidity attributable to strong acid anions, from atmospheric deposition, during winter to predominantly organic acids in summer. 相似文献
885.
Temporal trends (1990-2000) in the concentration of cadmium, lead and mercury in mosses across Europe 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Harmens H Norris DA Koerber GR Buse A Steinnes E Rühling A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(2):368-376
The European heavy metals in mosses survey provides data on the concentration of 10 heavy metals in naturally growing mosses. The survey has been repeated at five-yearly intervals and in this paper we report on the temporal trends in the concentration of cadmium, lead and mercury between 1990 and 2000. Metal- and country-specific temporal trends were observed. In general, the concentration of lead and cadmium in mosses decreased between 1990 and 2000; the decline was higher for lead than cadmium. For mercury not enough data were available to establish temporal trends between 1990 and 1995, but between 1995 and 2000 the mercury concentration in mosses did not change across Europe. The observed temporal trends for the concentrations in mosses were similar to the trends reported for the modelled total deposition of cadmium, lead and mercury in Europe. 相似文献
886.
The effect of nitrogen additions on oak foliage and herbivore communities at sites with high and low atmospheric pollution 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Eatough Jones M Paine TD Fenn ME 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(3):434-442
To evaluate plant and herbivore responses to nitrogen we conducted a fertilization study at a low and high pollution site in the mixed conifer forests surrounding Los Angeles, California. Contrary to expectations, discriminant function analysis of oak herbivore communities showed significant response to N fertilization when atmospheric deposition was high, but not when atmospheric deposition was low. We hypothesize that longer-term fertilization treatments are needed at the low pollution site before foliar N nutrition increases sufficiently to affect herbivore communities. At the high pollution site, fertilization was also associated with increased catkin production and higher densities of a byturid beetle that feeds on the catkins of oak. Leaf nitrogen and nitrate were significantly higher at the high pollution site compared to the low pollution site. Foliar nitrate concentrations were positively correlated with abundance of sucking insects, leafrollers and plutellids in all three years of the study. 相似文献
887.
Precipitation chemistry programs in different regions of the world have different quality control limits for ion balance parameter
IPD in wet deposition monitoring (R). The range of R values was calculated by assuming sample rainwater models in this paper. It was found that R was influenced by the inorganic ion types, total ion concentrations (IS) and the accuracy of the measurements (a
i
). R was defined and calculated as a function of a
i
and ion concentration C
i
. R values of different types of wet deposition (including ocean type, continent type and combined oceanic and continental deposition)
were different. There were also differences between the samples of the same type if the samples had different total ion concentrations.
When IS>100 μeq/L, the ranges of R of ocean type deposition, continent type deposition and combined oceanic and continental deposition were 5∼7%, 5∼9% and 5∼11%,
respectively. When IS<50 μeq/L, if a
i
was 100%, the range of R was 33∼71% because of the lower accuracy. It was also found that R of each criterion was in the range of R as calculated in this paper when IS≥50 μeq/L, but when IS<50 μeq/L, the criteria varied greatly in their R values. 相似文献
888.
Kahl JS Nelson SJ Fernandez I Haines T Norton S Wiersma GB Jacobson G Amirbahman A Johnson K Schauffler M Rustad L Tonnessen K Lent R Bank M Elvir J Eckhoff J Caron H Ruck P Parker J Campbell J Manski D Breen R Sheehan K Grygo A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,126(1-3):9-25
This paper is an overview of this special issue devoted to watershed research in Acadia National Park (Acadia NP). The papers
address components of an integrated research program on two upland watersheds at Acadia NP, USA (44° 20′ N latitude; 68° 15′
E longitude). These watersheds were instrumented in 1998 to provide a long-term foundation for regional ecological and watershed
research. The research was initiated as part of EPA/NPS PRIMENet (Park Research and Intensive Monitoring of Ecosystems Network),
a system of UV-monitoring stations and long-term watershed research sites located in US national parks. The initial goals
at Acadia NP were to address research questions about mercury, acid rain, and nitrogen saturation developed from prior research.
The project design was based on natural differences in forests and soils induced by an intense wildfire in one watershed in
1947. There is no evidence of fire in the reference watershed for several hundred years. We are testing hypotheses about controls
on surface water chemistry, and bioavailability of contaminants in the contrasting watersheds. The unburned 47-ha Hadlock
Brook watershed is 70% spruce-fir mature conifer forest. In contrast, burned 32-ha Cadillac Brook watershed, 4 km northeast
of the Hadlock watershed, is 20% regenerating mixed northern hardwoods and 60% shrub/rocky balds. Differences in atmospheric
deposition are controlled primarily by forest stand composition and age. The watersheds are gauged and have water chemistry
stations at 122 m (Cadillac) and 137 m (Hadlock); watershed maximum elevations are 468 and 380 m, respectively. The stream
water chemistry patterns reflect, in part, the legacy of the intense fire, which, in turn, controls differences in forest
vegetation and soil characteristics. These factors result in higher nitrogen and mercury flux from the unburned watershed,
reflecting differences in atmospheric deposition, contrasting ecosystem pools of nitrogen and mercury, and inferred differences
in internal cycling and bioavailabilty. 相似文献
889.
890.
大气氟污染治理技术 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
杨Yang 《城市环境与城市生态》2000,13(6):35-38
氟化物是当今重要的大气污染物之一,其毒性超过二氧化硫。文章概要叙述我国近年工业废气的氟排放和治理状况。面对日益严峻的污染形势,提请企业界加以关注和治理。文中着重介绍几种常用的技术装备和工艺流程。 相似文献