MTO废催化剂SAPO-34的再生

采用干凝胶转化法对甲醇制烯烃(MTO)废催化剂SAPO-34进行再生,将SAPO-34分子筛晶化所需的硅、铝、磷原料同时作为黏结剂使用,经干凝胶转化制备出再生催化剂,并对催化剂进行了表征及MTO反应活性评价。表征结果显示,再生催化剂的晶体结构、微观形貌、粒径分布、孔结构、耐磨性及酸中心均得到了恢复与改善,磨损指数可达0.35%/h。实验结果表明:在催化剂加入量为1.0 g、进气中甲醇质量分数为95%、甲醇质量空速为3 h-1、反应温度为450℃、反应压力为常压的条件下,再生催化剂的甲醇转化率接近100%,双烯(乙烯和丙烯)选择性较废催化剂提高了约3百分点,可达87%以上;同时,再生催化剂的寿命也较废催化剂有了明显改善。     

高压挤压技术预处理分离城市混合生活垃圾的研究

采用自主设计的高压挤压小试装置,将城市混合生活垃圾分为干、湿两种组分。分析其性质表明:在20 MPa和40 MPa挤压压力下,干组分含水率低于30%,热值从2 778 k J/kg分别提升至14 503,11 659 k J/kg。湿组分性质与混合垃圾中的厨余组分相近,易腐成分含量高,可采用厌氧消化处理回收生物质能。采用高压挤压技术作为预处理手段,垃圾能源最大可回收量达5 340 k J/kg,相对直接焚烧提高近90%。高压挤压技术作为预处理手段,可有效提升城市混合生活垃圾的处理效率和能源回收效率。     

转炉烟气粉尘比电阻影响因素实验研究

实验研究了转炉烟气干法除尘系统不同位置粉尘的矿物组成、粒度分布及温度、湿度对粉尘比电阻的影响。研究结果表明,同一粉尘样品由室温加热到220℃,比电阻变化趋势都是先升高再降低,在150℃左右比电阻值最高;在低温区,粉尘粒径越大比电阻值越大,当比电阻值达到峰值后,粉尘粒径越小则比电阻值越大,且原始粉尘样品的比电阻值最小;转炉粉尘中含量较高的成分为CaO和Fe_2O_3,粉尘比电阻值随着CaO含量增加而增加,随着Fe_2O_3含量的增加而降低,且在含量变化相同的情况下,CaO对粉尘比电阻值增大的作用强于Fe_2O_3对比电阻值降低的作用;随着粉尘含水量的升高,粉尘比电阻值逐渐降低。     

多氯联苯污染土壤热脱附预处理过程干化及排放特性研究

利用桨叶式干化实验装置对多氯联苯(PCBs)污染土壤热脱附预处理过程的干化特性进行了研究,结果表明干化温度和搅拌速率的提高均有助于加速干化速率;水分的内部扩散是PCBs污染土壤干化速率的主要影响因素.文章还结合高分辨色谱/质谱联用仪研究了PCBs污染土壤预处理过程中多氯联苯的排放特性,结果显示干化温度升高会促进4氯代到7氯代联苯的释放,并且会增加气相PCBs毒性当量(TEQ) 以及PCBs总量排放百分率.考虑安全和干化效果,干化温度选择在200 ℃以下为宜.     

基于AWTP指数的浙江省干旱规律时空分析

利用浙江省51个气象站1960-2009年的50 a逐日降水资料,基于降水的平均等待时间(AWTP)指数,采用小波分析和克里金空间插值方法对浙江省干旱时空特性进行分析。结果表明,浙江省的干旱随时间增加有加剧趋势。在50 a中,1979年干旱程度最强,相当干期值最大,达到52 d。在趋势变化上还同时叠加着明显的年际和年代际变化。浙江省干旱存在3 a左右的主周期;另外浙江省的干旱具有明显的区域性,干旱程度由南向北递增。嘉兴的平湖市及浙西金华周围内陆丘陵盆地发生干旱比其他地区更明显,其次是杭州市西部、温州市及台州市温岭等东南沿海山地丘陵地区,中东部的宁波市和绍兴市、西北部的湖州市以及浙江西南部等地区发生干旱程度较轻。     

基于GOME-2卫星遥感数据估算近海海域氮沉降通量的方法研究

提出了一种利用NO2卫星遥感数据估算近海海域NO2干沉降与无机氮(除氨氮)湿沉降通量的新方法。利用该方法对中国黄海海域2009年N沉降通量进行了估算,并将估算结果与其他研究结果进行了对比。结果表明:该方法估算通量均值相对较高,但与其他研究在数量级上是一致的,并能够反映研究海域大气N沉降通量的空间分布状况,可为我国海洋环境监测与评价大面积数据获取提供技术支撑。     

High efficiency of the NH4H2PO4/Mg(OH)2 composite for guaranteeing safety of wood production

Currently, China's timber industry is in high demand with the development of real estate. However, there is a certain fire hazard in the production process of wood manufacturing. Once a fire occurs, the fire is violent and the spread is rapid. Therefore, to improve the safety of its production process, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium hydroxide were selected to prepare a new composite superfine dry powder, which was denoted as the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite. Furthermore, to figure out dry powders' extinction effect on Class A fire, the wood-crib fire suppression effect of the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite was test, and then compared with that of ultrafine dry powder (UDP) and commercial ABC dry powder (C-ABC) in a 1 m³ chamber. Three parameters of the fire extinguishing process, namely flame extinction time, powder consumption and temperature drop were adopted to measure the fire suppression performance. The results demonstrated that UDP and C-ABC both had a larger flame extinction time and powder consumption than the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite. Besides, a fire (wood cribs) can be extinguished by the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite with the fastest temperature drop and a much-improved toxic gas suppression ability. In short, the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite can better guarantee the safety of the wood processing production process. Moreover, the reasons for performance advantages of the NH₄H₂PO₄/Mg(OH)₂ composite were discussed.     

Influx,transport, and accumulation of cadmium in plant species grown at different Cd2+ activities

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) has no known essential biological function, but it is toxic to plants, animals, and humans. A promising approach to prevent Cd from entering the food chain would be to select and/or create Cd‐accumulating plants to remediate contaminated soils or to develop Cd‐excluding plants to reduce Cd flow from soils into foods. The present study was undertaken to examine the differences in Cd influx, transport, and accumulation among five plant species in relation to plant tolerance to Cd toxicity. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) had the least reduction in dry matter which may be due to its lowest Cd transport rate (TR) to shoots at all Cd levels among the plant species tested. White‐clover (Trifolium repens L.) was the most sensitive species to Cd toxicity, likely because of its highest Cd influx rate (IR) and high TR when plants were grown at low Cd²⁺ activity (≤8 μM). The high tolerance of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) to moderate Cd toxicity (≤14 μM) appeared to be mainly due to the detoxification of Cd inside plant tissue since it recorded the highest TR and relatively high IR for Cd among the tested species. At Cd²⁺ activities up to 28 uM, the Cd uptake ratios of shoot/root for ryegrass were, on average, about 50‐fold and 27‐fold lower than that for cabbage and maize (Zea mays L.), respectively. These results showed that Cd could be easily transported into shoots of cabbage and maize, but was mainly confined to roots of ryegrass. We suggest that influx and transport rates, especially transport rate, could be used as plant physiological parameters for screening Cd‐excluding genotypes among monocotyledonous plants.     

Urban Mining: Quality and quantity of recyclable and recoverable material mechanically and physically extractable from residual waste

The mechanically sorted dry fraction (MSDF) and Fines (<20 mm) arising from the mechanical biological treatment of residual municipal solid waste (RMSW) contains respectively about 11% w/w each of recyclable and recoverable materials. Processing a large sample of MSDF in an existing full-scale mechanical sorting facility equipped with near infrared and 2-3 dimensional selectors led to the extraction of about 6% w/w of recyclables with respect to the RMSW weight. Maximum selection efficiency was achieved for metals, about 98% w/w, whereas it was lower for Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), about 2% w/w. After a simulated lab scale soil washing treatment it was possible to extract about 2% w/w of inert exploitable substances recoverable as construction materials, with respect to the amount of RMSW. The passing curve showed that inert materials were mainly sand with a particle size ranging from 0.063 to 2 mm. Leaching tests showed quite low heavy metal concentrations with the exception of the particles retained by the 0.5 mm sieve. A minimum pollutant concentration was in the leachate from the 10 and 20 mm particle size fractions.     

丹江口水库淅川库区大气磷沉降特征

大气磷沉降是向地表水体输送营养元素的重要途径.以丹江口水库淅川库区为研究区,在库区周围设置了6个采样点,于2020年1—12月期间采集并分析了大气总磷干、湿沉降样品,探讨了总磷沉降的时空分布特征及其对库区水体外源磷输入的贡献.结果表明：研究区大气 总磷沉降量为1.19 kg·hm^-2·a^-1,其中,干沉降占比为49.73%,湿沉降占比为50.27%;总磷干、湿沉降量在空间上均具有显著差异性（p_s<0.05）, 湿沉降量在季节上具有极显著差异性（p<0.01）;总磷干沉降量受到气温、气压和风速的显著影响,湿沉降量受到降雨量的显著影响;总磷年沉降量为65.17 t·a^-1,占河流总磷入库量的42.18%.