Analysis and improving ways for water condition in winter wheat field of dryland in subhumid areas of the loess plateau

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干式高效超微粒子烟气脱硫技术

从动力学角度对干式烟气脱硫技术进行了回顾 ,对典型技术———荷电干式吸收剂系统进行了介绍。在动力学分析基础上 ,提出激光法超微粒子干式高效脱硫技术 ,给出不同粒径下的超微粒子比表面积及烟气脱硫化学反应速率 ,指出这是一种极具发展前途的新型干式脱硫技术     

油母页岩干馏煤气脱硫工艺的选择

针对页岩炼油厂生产工艺和二氧化硫的产生量，提出了煤气干法和湿法脱硫工艺，并对这两种工艺在原理和适用性方面进行了对比，认为湿法脱硫更适合于该厂的实际情况，经对湿法脱硫的投资费用进行的估算结果显示，该厂采用湿法脱硫技术将会带来明显的环境效益和社会效益。     

废旧干电池资源化技术评述

详细地评述了近20多年来国内外有关废旧干电池资源化技术的研究状况，并结合我国国情，提出了实现废旧干电池工业化回用的可行性技术建议。     

晋东旱区农作物秸秆资源综合利用模式研究

系统分析了晋东丘陵旱农地区（寿阳）农作物秸秆资源及其利用现状,通过秸秆过腹还田生态系统物质循环；粪肥与秸秆配合还田、培肥土壤的定位试验；及其旱地水分利用效率等研究,获得秸秆过腹还田、农田休闲期秸秆覆盖、作物生育期秸秆覆盖和直接还田等４种利用途径的有关参数。以秸秆所产生的经济效益最大为目标函数,运用线性规划模型,优化秸秆综合利用结构,对北方旱地农作物秸秆资源综合利用具有一定的指导意义。     

Atmospheric Sulfur Deposition onto Different Ecosystems Over China

The regional acid deposition model system (RegADMS) was applied to simulate the air sulfur deposition onto different landuse types over China, in which the dry deposition velocities of SO₂ and sulfate aerosol (SO ₄ ^2– ) were estimated by use of a big leaf resistance analogy model and the wet scavenging coefficients were parameterized in terms of precipitation rate. Investigations show that the annual total sulfur deposition over mainland China is 7.24 mt (1 mt = 10⁶ ton) , in which dry deposition and wet deposition accounts for 56 and 44%, respectively. The sulfur deposition onto agriculture land, grass land, and forest land is 1.09, 3.6 and 1.41 mt, respectively, which sums 6.1 mt and accounts for 84% of the total sulfur deposition. The modeled sulfur deposition was in agreement with the measurement conducted at farmland in Yingtan, a typical read soil region in Jiangxi province of China, during the period of November 1998–October 1999. The total sulfur deposition at the Yingtan site is about 10.3 gm^–2 year^–1 of which 83% is dry deposition. The modeling sulfur deposition at the same site is 8.4 gm^–2 year^–1. Furthermore, the comparison between RegADMS and RAINS-ASIA on modeling regional sulfur deposition shows the consistence of the two models. The correlation coefficient between the simulated sulfur deposition at the medium-large cities reaches 0.72.     

干熄焦环境除尘建议采用的系统形式和运行控制方式

本文介绍了干熄焦环境除尘系统的基本构成形式和工艺烟法特点。针对现有聊尘系统存在的一些缺欠，提出了四条相应的改进措施，并结合除尘系统实际运行情况，通过不同方式的风量调节对比，从理论上阐明了对风机进行调速设计才是达到调节风量和节能的最佳方式。     

五种亚热带树苗的生长与干物质分配格局对大气污染胁迫的响应

将乡土木本植物猫尾木Dolichandronecauda-felina、蒲桃Syzygiumjambos、野牡丹Melastomacandidum、翻白叶树Pterospermumheterophyllum以及鸭脚木Scheffleraoctophylla1年生袋装苗盆栽,置半庇荫环境下适应4周,之后按株数均等分成两组,分别放置在南海五星污染区和广州华南植物园清洁区进行试验。5个月后进行植物构形生长参数和干物质量的测定,以探讨这5种亚热带树苗对大气污染响应的差异。结果表明,①这5种树苗均能在清洁区和污染区都存活,但生长特征表现明显差别。②除翻白叶树基径有少许增大外,大气污染基本上都使植物基径生长减小;树高方面,除了蒲桃外,其余树种树高都有所降低,鸭脚木树高受到的影响最为严重。③翻白叶树与猫尾木单株侧枝数有少许增加,而蒲桃和鸭脚木单株侧枝数有大幅度地下降,分别减少为清洁区单株侧枝数的46.5%和65.1%,野牡丹单株侧枝数基本上没有受到影响。④在污染区生长的5个树种单株干物质总量除了翻白叶树有所增加外,其余4个树种单株干物质量均有不同程度地下降。⑤除了蒲桃保持不变外,污染区?生长4种植物冠根比(CRR)均有不同程度地增加。在污染区生长的植株叶质量比(LWR)和叶面积比(LAR)与清洁区相比存在差异,野牡丹和蒲桃叶质量比和叶面积比下降,而其余3种植物叶质量比和叶面积比上升。综合实验结果表明,5种植物幼苗中对大气污染抗性最强的是翻白叶树和蒲桃,抗性最弱的是鸭脚木。     

大气的干湿沉降及其对海洋生态系统的影响

对国内外学者近些年来在大气干、湿沉降方面的工作较为的综述；包括干湿沉降的采样方法。研究方法、主要结论。重点讨论了大气沉降对海洋生态系统的影响，特别与河流输送量的对比，指出：大气干湿沉降对某些海工的初级生产较之河流而言膛可忽视的作用，氮的输送马湿沉降为主，而磷的输送尚待进一步研究。最后提出了大气干湿沉降今后可可能的若干研究文献。     

Analysis and improving ways for water condition in winter wheat field of dryland in subhumid areas of the Loess Plateau

Based on the soil moisture data from the locating experiments from 1986—1990, and using the water balance method, the water supply and demand state in the field of winter wheat, and the ways for improving water condition in dryland of dry subhumid area of the Loess Plateau were studied. The results suggested that a low precipitation satisfying ratio of 42.9%—58.8% appears in the growing period of winter wheat, and the yield, to a great extent depended on the water that was stored in deep soil layer in the previous rainy season. The filed trial results showed that tillage in the summer fallow period,straw cover, soil moisture regulation with adequate fertilization, crop rotation and proper cropping system could be the efficient ways for improving the water condition,and for the exploitation and utilization of natural water resources(both precipitation and soil water) in the winter wheat field of dryland. 